Question 1

At which age do children judge intentional lying as being wrong?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that by age 4, children judge intentional lying as being wrong.

Question 2

Helping behavior that benefits others is called __________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

Prosocial behavior is helping behavior that benefits others.

Question 3

Ms. Applebie, a kindergarten teacher, knows that she need not praise everyone for good behavior. All she needs to do is praise one child and all the other children quickly follow suit. According to social learning approaches, children __________.

Accepted Answer

Social learning approaches to moral development propose that not all prosocial behavior has to be directly performed and reinforced to be learned. Children can also learn moral behaviorism more indirectly by observing the behavior of others.

Question 4

Three-year-old Pamela sees her mother crying. Pamela gives her mother her favorite doll to hold and pats her on the back and tells her everything will be okay. Pamela is demonstrating __________.

Accepted Answer

Empathy is the understanding of what another person feels.

Question 5

Four-year-old Max's best friend is angry with him. He tells Max that Max cannot come to his birthday party. A year ago, Max would have cried over something like this. Now, Max just tells his friend that he does not want to go to the party. Max's ability to adjust his emotions is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Emotional self-regulation is the capability to adjust one's emotions to a desired state and level of intensity.

Question 6

Five-year-old Allison is mad at her best friend, Amber. To get even with her, Allison tells the class that Amber wets the bed, even though Amber does not. This nonphysical form of aggression is called __________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression is nonphysical aggression that is intended to hurt another person's psychological well-being.

Question 7

According to social learning approaches, aggression is caused by __________.

Accepted Answer

Social learning approaches focus on observation and prior learning for explaining changes in behavior.

Question 8

According to developmental psychologist Kenneth Dodge, some children are aggressive because they __________.

Accepted Answer

Kenneth Dodge proposed that some children are more prone than others to assume that others' actions are aggressively motivated.

Question 9

Researchers have discovered that children's television programs __________.

Accepted Answer

Children's television programs contain higher levels of violence than other types of programs.

Question 10

The results of a recent meta-analysis revealed that __________.

Accepted Answer

The results of a recent meta-analysis revealed that increased levels of violent video game play were associated with aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Question 11

Describe the crisis or conflict that preschool children must resolve in Erikson's initiative-versus-guilt stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the crisis or conflict that preschool...

Question 12

Provide a description of a preschool-age child's self-concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide a description of a preschool-age child's...

Question 13

Compare and contrast an individualistic orientation to a collectivistic orientation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast an individualistic orientation to...

Question 14

List and define the six types of preschool play.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and define the six types of...

Question 15

Construct an argument for the use of an authoritative parenting style.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Construct an argument for the use of...

Question 16

Compare and contrast relational aggression and instrumental aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast relational aggression and instrumental...

Question 17

According to social learning approaches, how does aggression develop in preschool-age children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to social learning approaches, how does...

Question 18

What are some strategies your text offers for increasing moral behavior and reducing aggression in preschool-age children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some strategies your text offers...

Question 19

Compare and contrast the different explanations for gender differences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the different explanations for...

Question 20

Compare and contrast the different types of parenting. Is one type of parenting better than another type of parenting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the different types of...

Quiz 10: Social and Personality Development in the Preschool Years