Question 1

Which of the following structures is part of the basal ganglia? 
A)the red nucleus 
B) the putamen​ 
C)the cerebellum 
D)the reticular formation

Accepted Answer

The putamen is part of the basal ganglia, which also includes the caudate nucleus and the globus pallidus. The red nucleus is part of the midbrain, the cerebellum is a separate structure involved in motor coordination, and the reticular formation is a network of neurons involved in arousal and attention.

Question 2

While typing on your keyboard,you are especially dependent on which of the following motor pathways? 
A)the tectospinal tract 
B) the vestibulospinal tract​ 
C)the lateral pathway 
D)the ventromedial pathway

Accepted Answer

The lateral pathway, which includes the corticospinal tract, is responsible for fine motor control of the extremities, and is therefore used extensively in typing on a keyboard. The other motor pathways listed, such as the tectospinal and vestibulospinal tracts, are more involved in balance and coordination of larger movements, while the ventromedial pathway is responsible for controlling posture and gait.

Question 3

The sequencing of complex movements is managed by the 
A)basal ganglia. 
B) red nucleus.​ 
C)cerebellum. 
D)reticular formation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sequencing of complex movements is managed...

Question 4

Sherry had some spinal cord damage,and she now has difficulty mostly with fine movement.More specifically,she had damage to the _________ pathway in her spinal cord.
A)lateral 
B)ventromedial  
C) rostral-tegmental 
D)dorsomedial

Accepted Answer

The lateral pathway in the spinal cord is responsible for fine movement and motor control of the limbs. Damage to this pathway can result in difficulty with fine motor movements. The other pathways listed do not have a specific role in fine motor control.

Question 5

The medullary reticulospinal tract originates in the 
A)reticular formation of the pons. 
B)reticular formation of the medulla. 
C)vestibular nuclei of the medulla. 
D)midbrain.

Accepted Answer

The medullary reticulospinal tract originates in the reticular formation of the medulla, which is located in the lower part of the brainstem. This tract is involved in the control of posture and locomotion.

Question 6

A person with damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will experience weakness or paralysis 
A)on the left side of the body. 
B) on the right side of the body.​ 
C) on both the right and left sides of the body.​ 
D) in the torso and arms but not the legs.​

Accepted Answer

The motor cortex in the brain controls movement on the opposite side of the body. Therefore, damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will affect the left side of the body, causing weakness or paralysis.

Question 7

You are going home one night when you drive through a sobriety checkpoint.The policeman asks you to get out of the car,holds one finger up in front of your face,and asks you to follow his finger with your eyes only.What is he doing? 
A)He is checking to see if your frontal lobe is functioning properly, which allows you to initiate movement. 
B) He is checking to see if your caudate nucleus, which coordinates your movements, has been affected by alcohol.​ 
C) He is checking to see if your cerebellum is functioning properly because the cerebellum is one of the first areas to be affected by alcohol.​ 
D) He is checking to see if you will follow directions because if you are drunk you might not.​

Accepted Answer

The police officer is checking to see if the driver's cerebellum is functioning properly because alcohol affects the cerebellum first, leading to poor coordination and balance. This simple eye test, called the horizontal gaze nystagmus test, is one of the standard field sobriety tests used to assess impairment. The officer is looking for an involuntary jerking of the eye movement, which is a sign of impairment.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the ventromedial motor pathways? 
A)the reticulospinal tract 
B)the tectospinal tract 
C)the rubrospinal tract 
D)the vestibulospinal tract

Accepted Answer

The rubrospinal tract is part of the lateral motor system, not the ventromedial pathways. The ventromedial pathways include the reticulospinal, tectospinal, and vestibulospinal tracts, which are involved in posture and gait control.

Question 9

The fact that symptoms of Huntington's disease include the inability to control voluntary movements makes sense because the major damage from Huntington's seems to be in the: 
A)motor cortex, which controls planned movements. 
B) cerebellum, which controls coordinated movements.​ 
C) spinal cord, which is the final pathway for all movements.​ 
D) basal ganglia, which participates in the initiation and control of fine motor movements.​

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia plays a vital role in controlling voluntary movements, particularly fine motor movements. The damage to this area in Huntington's disease can result in the inability to control these movements, leading to the symptoms commonly associated with the disease.

Question 10

Your friend was in an accident,and although his intelligence and personality are unchanged,he is no longer able to play his guitar,nor is he the coordinated athlete he once was.His symptoms may be the result of damage to which of the following areas? 
A)the frontal lobes 
B)the cerebellum 
C)the occipital lobes 
D)the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement, including fine motor skills and balance, whereas the frontal lobes are primarily responsible for functions such as decision-making and personality. The occipital lobes are responsible for visual processing, while the hippocampus plays a role in memory. Therefore, damage to the cerebellum is the most likely cause for the loss of coordination in athletics and the inability to play the guitar.

Question 11

Activity in the basal ganglia is lower than normal in cases of 
A)Alzheimer's disease. 
B)Huntington's disease. 
C)Parkinson's disease. 
D)muscular dystrophy.

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the basal ganglia, leading to a decrease in dopamine production and subsequent motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Therefore, activity in the basal ganglia is lower than normal in cases of Parkinson's disease.

Question 12

-The pathways illustrated in the left side of this figure (numbers 1 and 2)are known as the 
A)medial lemniscus. 
B)spinothalamic pathways. 
C)lateral pathways. 
D)ventromedial pathways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 
-The pathways illustrated in the left side...

Question 13

One of the actions of the basal ganglia is the 
A)inhibition of the thalamus. 
B)excitation of the hypothalamus. 
C)inhibition of the cerebellum. 
D)excitation of the cerebrum.

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia inhibits the thalamus by sending inhibitory signals to the thalamus. This helps regulate and coordinate movement.

Question 14

The _________ tracts are part of the lateral pathway.
A)tectospinal and rubrospinal 
B)vestibulospinal and tectospinal  
C)corticospinal and reticulospinal 
D)rubrospinal and corticospinal

Accepted Answer

The lateral pathway of the motor system includes the rubrospinal and corticospinal tracts, which are involved in the control of voluntary movements, especially of the distal muscles.

Question 15

The corticospinal tract crosses the midline at the level of the 
A)superior colliculi of the midbrain. 
B) junction between the midbrain and pons.​ 
C) junction between the pons and medulla.​ 
D) junction between the medulla and spinal cord.​

Accepted Answer

The corticospinal tract, also known as the pyramidal tract, crosses the midline at the junction between the medulla and spinal cord. At this level, the fibers of the tract decussate to form the lateral corticospinal tract which innervates the limbs and the ventral corticospinal tract which innervates the axial muscles. Option A is incorrect because the superior colliculi of the midbrain are involved in visual and auditory processing. Option B is incorrect because the junction between the midbrain and pons is the site of the corticobulbar tract, not the corticospinal tract. Option C is incorrect because the junction between the pons and medulla is the site of the trigeminal motor nucleus and the origin of the trigeminal nerve.

Question 16

The tectospinal tract originates in the 
A)reticular formation of the pons. 
B)reticular formation of the medulla.  
C)vestibular nuclei of the medulla. 
D)tectum of the midbrain.

Accepted Answer

The tectospinal tract originates in the tectum of the midbrain, specifically the superior colliculus. It helps to coordinate head and eye movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli, and also plays a role in reflexes related to head and neck positioning in response to sudden movements.

Question 17

Alcohol exerts a negative effect on motor coordination particularly through its action on the 
A)basal ganglia. 
B) cerebellum.​ 
C)reticular formation. 
D)red nucleus.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for fine motor coordination and balance, and alcohol exerts a particularly negative effect on its function. The other structures listed (basal ganglia, reticular formation, and red nucleus) are also involved in motor function but are not as directly affected by alcohol consumption.

Question 18

The rubrospinal tract originates in the 
A)reticular formation of the brainstem. 
B) superior colliculi of the pons.​ 
C)red nucleus of the midbrain. 
D)vestibular nuclei of the thalamus.

Accepted Answer

The rubrospinal tract originates in the red nucleus of the midbrain.

Question 19

The vestibulospinal tract originates in the 
A)reticular formation of the pons. 
B) reticular formation of the medulla.​ 
C)vestibular nuclei of the medulla. 
D)midbrain.

Accepted Answer

The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the medulla, which receive input from the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear and help maintain balance and posture.

Question 20

The pontine reticulospinal tract originates in the 
A)reticular formation of the pons. 
B)reticular formation of the medulla.  
C) v​estibular nuclei of the medulla. 
D)midbrain.

Accepted Answer

The pontine reticulospinal tract originates in the reticular formation of the pons, which is located in the brainstem.

Quiz 8: Movement

Which of the following structures is part of the basal ganglia?

While typing on your keyboard,you are especially dependent on which of the following motor pathways?

The sequencing of complex movements is managed by the

Sherry had some spinal cord damage,and she now has difficulty mostly with fine movement.More specifically,she had damage to the _________ pathway in her spinal cord.

The medullary reticulospinal tract originates in the

A person with damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will experience weakness or paralysis

You are going home one night when you drive through a sobriety checkpoint.The policeman asks you to get out of the car,holds one finger up in front of your face,and asks you to follow his finger with your eyes only.What is he doing?

Which of the following is NOT one of the ventromedial motor pathways?

The fact that symptoms of Huntington's disease include the inability to control voluntary movements makes sense because the major damage from Huntington's seems to be in the:

Your friend was in an accident,and although his intelligence and personality are unchanged,he is no longer able to play his guitar,nor is he the coordinated athlete he once was.His symptoms may be the result of damage to which of the following areas?

Activity in the basal ganglia is lower than normal in cases of

-The pathways illustrated in the left side of this figure (numbers 1 and 2) are known as the

One of the actions of the basal ganglia is the

The _________ tracts are part of the lateral pathway.

The corticospinal tract crosses the midline at the level of the

The tectospinal tract originates in the

Alcohol exerts a negative effect on motor coordination particularly through its action on the

The rubrospinal tract originates in the

The vestibulospinal tract originates in the

The pontine reticulospinal tract originates in the