Question 1

According to Allport, what is the name of the trait that is dominant and shapes most of a person's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The cardinal trait is a dominant trait that influences nearly all of a person's behaviors, according to Allport.

Question 2

Allport promoted the concept of which type of trait?

Accepted Answer

Allport introduced the concept of central traits, which are the general characteristics that form the foundation of an individual's personality.

Question 3

If we describe Jennifer as being bright, organized, and reliable, what are we referring to?

Accepted Answer

Traits refer to specific characteristics or qualities that describe an individual's consistent behaviors and attitudes, such as being bright, organized, and reliable.

Question 4

What would Allport call the characteristics of enjoying chocolate chip cookies and jazz music?

Accepted Answer

Allport would classify preferences like enjoying chocolate chip cookies and jazz music as secondary traits, which are more specific and less central to a person's personality.

Question 5

What did Allport call the less consistent aspects of a person?

Accepted Answer

Secondary traits are the less consistent and more situation-specific aspects of a person, according to Allport's trait theory.

Question 6

Cattell's source traits are similar in function to which aspect of Allport's personality theory?

Accepted Answer

Cattell's source traits are similar to Allport's central traits as both represent the core characteristics that define an individual's personality.

Question 7

In Allport's theory, what is the name for characteristics that are seen only in certain situations?

Accepted Answer

Secondary traits are characteristics that appear only in certain situations and are not as dominant as central or cardinal traits.

Question 8

Narissa is typically mild mannered, playful, and outgoing, although she catches people by surprise when she begins whining and complaining. According to Allport's model, which of the following does Narissa's whining behaviour exemplify?

Accepted Answer

According to Allport's model, a secondary trait is a characteristic that appears only in certain situations and is less consistent than central traits. Narissa's whining and complaining, which is not typical of her usual behavior, exemplifies a secondary trait.

Question 9

How are Raymond Cattell's source traits measured?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are Raymond Cattell's source traits measured?
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Question 10

Which personality theorist used the statistical procedure called factor analysis to identify several personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to identify and categorize a large number of personality traits into a more manageable number of dimensions.

Question 11

Raymond Cattell hypothesized that two types of traits exist within people. What are they?

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell proposed the existence of surface traits, which are observable behaviors, and source traits, which are the underlying structures that give rise to surface traits.

Question 12

How many central source traits did Raymond Cattell's factor analysis method identify?

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell's factor analysis method identified 16 central source traits, which he believed were the building blocks of personality.

Question 13

Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, or 16 PF?

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) to measure the underlying traits of human personality.

Question 14

Who used a statistical technique (factor analysis) to reduce Allport's lengthy list of traits?

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce Allport's list of traits into a more manageable number, identifying 16 key personality factors.

Question 15

Which of the following Big Five traits is most closely related to creativity?

Accepted Answer

Openness is most closely related to creativity as it involves imagination, curiosity, and a willingness to explore new ideas and experiences.

Question 16

Which model states that personality can be defined by a number of basic dimensions?

Accepted Answer

The five-factor model, also known as the Big Five, posits that personality can be described using five basic dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 17

What are the Big Five trait dimensions?

Accepted Answer

The Big Five trait dimensions are neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. These are widely recognized in psychology as the five major dimensions of human personality.

Question 18

What do psychologists mean by the term trait-situation interaction?

Accepted Answer

Trait-situation interaction refers to the concept that while traits are consistent characteristics of a person, the expression of these traits can vary depending on the situation.

Question 19

Which of the following is supported by behavioural genetics?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral genetics research suggests that heredity accounts for approximately 25-50% of the variation in personality traits, indicating a significant but not overwhelming genetic influence.

Question 20

Which of the following would you expect to have the most similar personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their genes, leading to more similar personality traits compared to fraternal twins, biological siblings, or parents and their children, who share fewer genes.

Quiz 10: Personality