Question 1

Developmental psychologists are interested in progressive behavioural changes that are correlated with which attribute?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists study how behavior changes as individuals age, focusing on the progression of these changes throughout the lifespan.

Question 2

According to the textbook, what conclusions can be drawn in the nature?nurture debate?

Accepted Answer

The textbook suggests that both heredity and environment interact to shape an individual's development, rather than one being more important than the other.

Question 3

When psychologists state that development is influenced by "nature," to what are they referring?

Accepted Answer

"Nature" refers to the influence of heredity and genetics on development, as opposed to "nurture," which involves environmental factors.

Question 4

When developmental psychologists look at the influence of genetic factors versus environmental factors, what are they addressing?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists addressing the influence of genetic factors versus environmental factors are examining the "nature versus nurture" debate, which explores the relative contributions of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) to human development.

Question 5

What do we call the long, ladder-like chains of molecules that provide the instructions for growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic instructions for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It is structured in a long, ladder-like chain.

Question 6

What type of psychologists are interested in progressive changes in behaviour and abilities across the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists study the changes in behavior and abilities that occur throughout a person's life, from infancy to old age.

Question 7

Which of the following is the chemical "ladder" or "alphabet" that provides the instructions for growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Question 8

Of what are chromosomes made?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Question 9

At any stage of life, many factors contribute to a person's development. Among the following options, what is the most significant of these factors?

Accepted Answer

The environment plays a crucial role in shaping a person's development by influencing their experiences, opportunities, and interactions throughout life.

Question 10

Bruce has a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene for blue eyes. What is his eye colour?

Accepted Answer

Bruce has a dominant gene for brown eyes, which means that even if he has a recessive gene for blue eyes, the brown eye gene will be expressed. Therefore, Bruce's eye color is brown.

Question 11

What is a gene?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for the development of specific traits or characteristics in an organism.

Question 12

When traits are determined by many genes working together, these traits are which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic traits are determined by multiple genes working together, each contributing to the phenotype.

Question 13

What is a gene called if the feature it controls appears every time the gene is present?

Accepted Answer

A dominant gene is a gene that expresses its trait even when only one copy of the gene is present in the organism.

Question 14

What type of gene must be paired with a recessive gene before its effect will be expressed?

Accepted Answer

A recessive gene must be paired with another recessive gene for its effect to be expressed, as dominant genes will mask the effect of recessive genes when paired together.

Question 15

What do we call the approximately 25 000 small areas of DNA that facilitate the expression of various traits?

Accepted Answer

Genes are the small areas of DNA that contain the instructions for the expression of traits.

Question 16

Deirdre and Nat both have brown eyes. If they have a child, what colour eyes would the child have?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deirdre and Nat both have brown eyes....

Question 17

Studies by developmental psychologists Kagan, Thomas, and Chess indicate that newborn infants differ in certain aspects such as sensitivity, activity, and irritability. Collectively, what are these aspects of development called?

Accepted Answer

These aspects are collectively referred to as "temperament," which describes the innate traits that influence how infants respond to the world around them.

Question 18

Differences between two infants in energy levels, irritability, and distractibility relate to which aspects of development?

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to the innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment, including energy levels, irritability, and distractibility.

Question 19

When separating babies into categories based on temperament, which type is the largest group?

Accepted Answer

Easy children are typically the largest group when categorizing babies based on temperament.

Question 20

What do we call the sum of the external conditions that affect a developing human being?

Accepted Answer

The term "environment" refers to the sum of external conditions and influences that affect the development and functioning of a living organism, including humans.

Quiz 3: Human Development