Question 1

Stability or instability of temperament over time is influenced by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stability or instability of temperament over time...

Question 2

Which of the following can lead to children's temperament changing over time?

Accepted Answer

Adaptations to their environment can lead to children's temperament changing over time.

Question 3

Behavioral inhibition is another term to explain

Accepted Answer

Behavioral inhibition is a temperament characterized by shyness, fearfulness, and cautiousness in unfamiliar situations or with unfamiliar people.

Question 4

Kagan describes temperament as having the six dimensions organized into three types that are:

Accepted Answer

Kagan's theory of temperament includes three types: undercontrolled, overcontrolled, and resilient, which describe different patterns of behavior and emotional regulation.

Question 5

A child high on the sensory sensitivity dimension of temperament would

Accepted Answer

A child high on the sensory sensitivity dimension of temperament is likely to prefer quiet environments because they are more sensitive to sensory stimuli and may find loud or noisy environments overwhelming.

Question 6

Peter is focused on building his tower of blocks; he rates high in Kagan's temperament dimension of

Accepted Answer

Peter's focus on building his tower of blocks indicates a high level of attention and persistence, which aligns with Kagan's temperament dimension of attention/persistence.

Question 7

Kagan's longitudinal research on shyness demonstrated

Accepted Answer

Kagan's research showed that shyness tends to be stable from infancy through adolescence, indicating a consistency in temperament over time.

Question 8

From his research, Kagan believes the roots of shyness in children are due to

Accepted Answer

The answer of From his research, Kagan believes the roots...

Question 9

Hannah is 2 days old and lying quietly in her crib in the hospital nursery. The infant in the crib next to her wakes up hungry and begins crying. Hannah starts crying too. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Emotion contagion refers to the phenomenon where one person's emotions trigger similar emotions in others, which is what happens when Hannah starts crying in response to the other infant's cries.

Question 10

Newborns are more likely to cry when they hear

Accepted Answer

Newborns are more likely to cry when they hear other newborns cry due to a phenomenon known as "contagious crying," which is believed to be an early form of empathy or social bonding.

Question 11

When was the last time you experienced emotional contagion?

Accepted Answer

Emotional contagion often occurs when people hear others laughing, as laughter is a strong social cue that can easily spread emotions among individuals.

Question 12

Researchers had mothers display joy, sadness, and anger in their facial expressions and voice. Their 10-week-old infants

Accepted Answer

Infants as young as 10 weeks old can imitate facial expressions, which is a fundamental aspect of early social and emotional development.

Question 13

Although infants can discriminate between facial expressions, they

Accepted Answer

Infants rely more on vocal expressions to determine others' emotions because they are more attuned to auditory cues than visual ones at an early age.

Question 14

Which of the following is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is FALSE?
...

Question 15

In a study of 12-month-old babies using the visual cliff, researchers found that most of the infants crossed to the "deep" side

Accepted Answer

Infants are more likely to cross to the "deep" side when their mothers display joy or interest, as it provides a sense of safety and encouragement.

Question 16

In a study of 12-month-old babies using the visual cliff, researchers found that none of the infants crossed to the "deep" side

Accepted Answer

Infants are sensitive to their mothers' emotional cues, and when mothers displayed fear, it signaled danger, discouraging the infants from crossing to the "deep" side.

Question 17

In a study of 12-month-old babies using the visual cliff, researchers found that the infants were reluctant to cross to the "deep" side

Accepted Answer

When mothers displayed sadness, infants were reluctant to cross to the "deep" side because they perceived the situation as potentially dangerous.

Question 18

In the study using the visual cliff and 12-month-olds,

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the study using the visual cliff...

Question 19

When infants look to their parents to determine their own emotions in ambiguous situations, they are using

Accepted Answer

Infants use social referencing to gauge their parents' reactions to understand how they should feel or respond in uncertain situations.

Question 20

Thirteen-month-old Kayla is learning to walk alone. When walking across the kitchen, she falls. Kayla immediately looks at her father, who seems worried. Kayla starts to cry. This demonstrates

Accepted Answer

Kayla's behavior demonstrates social referencing, where she looks to her father to gauge his reaction to her fall and then mirrors his worried expression by crying.

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Infants and Toddlers