Question 1

Self-concept can be described by three characteristics:

Accepted Answer

Self-concept is described by complexity, consistency, and clarity, which refer to the number of distinct roles or identities, the compatibility of these roles, and the clearness of self-concept, respectively.

Question 2

People who define themselves by their work have ________, which explains their tendency to have lower absenteeism and turnover.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

When people ________, they are motivated to confirm and maintain their existing self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Self-verification is the motivation to confirm and maintain one's existing self-concept.

Question 4

Unlike self-enhancement, ________ includes seeking feedback that is not necessarily flattering.

Accepted Answer

Self-verification involves seeking feedback that confirms one's existing self-concept, even if it is not flattering, unlike self-enhancement which focuses on seeking positive feedback.

Question 5

________ affects the perceptual process because employees are more likely to remember information that is consistent with their self-concept and nonconsciously screen out information (particularly negative information) that seems inconsistent with it.

Accepted Answer

Self-verification affects the perceptual process as it involves the tendency to seek confirmation of one's self-concept, leading individuals to remember information consistent with their self-view and ignore information that contradicts it.

Question 6

When a person exhibits a "can-do" attitude, they have high

Accepted Answer

A "can-do" attitude is closely related to self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Question 7

________ is the process of attending to some information received by our senses and ignoring other information.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the cognitive process of focusing on certain stimuli in the environment while ignoring others.

Question 8

Many students have an image of a "typical" classroom lecture setup: desks facing front, instructor in front, etc. This image is perceptually known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A mental model is an internal representation of the external world, which includes the typical setup of a classroom lecture.

Question 9

Juan scans the work area, notices that there is a lot of loud talking and individuals seem frustrated about not being heard. He is trying to make sense of the scene using

Accepted Answer

Juan is using perception to interpret and make sense of the scene by observing the loud talking and frustration among individuals.

Question 10

When information is received through the senses, ________ help(s) us store information in memory.

Accepted Answer

Emotional markers help us store information in memory by associating it with emotions, which makes it more likely to be remembered.

Question 11

A person is browsing a store, and there are a lot of stimuli in the environment. Which of the following occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Selective attention and emotional marker response occur first as the person initially focuses on specific stimuli and experiences an immediate emotional reaction before further processing.

Question 12

Which of the following would be an internal attribution about your behaviour or performance?

Accepted Answer

Internal attributions are explanations for behavior or performance that relate to personal factors, such as motivation, effort, or ability. Option E attributes success to personal motivation, which is an internal factor.

Question 13

Which attribution factor is high for both internal and external attributions?

Accepted Answer

Consistency is high for both internal and external attributions as it refers to how regularly a behavior occurs across time and situations.

Question 14

If José takes credit for work done on time, but blames his coworkers for his delays, his perception of the situation may be due to

Accepted Answer

José's behavior is an example of self-serving bias, where individuals attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors.

Question 15

Self-fulfilling prophecies are more likely to occur

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-fulfilling prophecies are more likely to occur
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Question 16

The emerging theory of positive organizational behavior stems from which perceptual process?

Accepted Answer

The emerging theory of positive organizational behavior is linked to the self-fulfilling prophecy, where positive expectations can lead to positive outcomes.

Question 17

A manager notices that a new hire always dresses very professionally. The manager concludes that this employee acts professionally. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The halo effect occurs when one positive characteristic (in this case, dressing professionally) influences the perception of other unrelated traits (acting professionally).

Question 18

Wendy is presenting at an important meeting. She presents her ideas, and everyone is silent. Wendy assumes that the silence indicates agreement. Which perceptual error explains Wendy's conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The false-consensus effect is a perceptual error where individuals overestimate the extent to which others share their beliefs or opinions. Wendy assumes silence means agreement, reflecting this bias.

Question 19

At one time, many Americans shared the perception that people in New York City were rude and everyone from California was "laid back." This represents which aspect of stereotyping?

Accepted Answer

Homogenization refers to the tendency to perceive members of a group as being more similar to each other than they actually are, which is evident in the generalized perceptions of New Yorkers and Californians.

Question 20

________ is often subtle, but it can escalate into a "good guy-bad guy" contrast when groups engage in overt conflict with each other.

Accepted Answer

Differentiation refers to the process by which groups distinguish themselves from each other, often leading to a "good guy-bad guy" dynamic during conflicts.

Quiz 3: Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations