Question 1

All of the following conditions tend to increase the patients response to drugs EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Hyperalbuminemia does not increase a patient's response to drugs; in fact, it may decrease the response because many drugs bind to albumin, reducing the free (active) drug concentration in the bloodstream.

Question 2

The P-glycoprotein is a multidrug transmembrane transporter protein that transports medications across cell membranes. Functions of this protein include

Accepted Answer

P-glycoprotein functions to pump drugs out of cells, including into the urine for excretion, as part of its role in drug resistance and detoxification.

Question 3

Researcher is studying the bioavailability of commonly used antimuscarinics to treat irritable bowel syndrome. Medication A is administered in a 100 mg daily dose orally and 60 mg of the drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract unchanged. Thus, the bioavailability of Medication A is

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation. Here, 60 mg out of 100 mg is absorbed unchanged, so the bioavailability is 60%.

Question 4

A 27-year-old female with vulvovaginal candidiasis is given a one-time 100 mg dose of oral fluconazole. She has no other pertinent medical problems and takes no prescription medications. Administration of the medication results in a peak plasma concentration of 20 mg/L. What is the apparent volume of drug distribution?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 27-year-old female with vulvovaginal candidiasis is...

Question 5

Pick out the right statement:

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics can undergo active secretion in the renal tubules, which helps in their excretion from the body.

Question 6

The most rapid eliminated drugs are those with glomerular filtration rate and active secretion but aren't passively reabsorbed:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most rapid eliminated drugs are those...

Question 7

Binding of a drug to plasma proteins will tend to:

Accepted Answer

Binding of a drug to plasma proteins decreases its rate of glomerular filtration because only the free (unbound) drug can be filtered through the glomeruli.

Question 8

If a drug is eliminated by first order kinetics

Accepted Answer

In first-order kinetics, the rate of drug elimination is proportional to its concentration, meaning a constant fraction of the drug is eliminated per unit time. This results in a constant clearance value.

Question 9

Disappearance of most drugs from the plasma follows first order kinetics, which means that:

Accepted Answer

In first-order kinetics, the rate of drug disappearance from the plasma is directly proportional to the concentration of the drug remaining, meaning it decreases exponentially over time.

Question 10

Drugs showing zero-order kinetics of elimination

Accepted Answer

In zero-order kinetics, the rate of drug elimination is constant and does not depend on the drug concentration, resulting in a linear decrease in drug concentration over time.

Question 11

If a drug is not metabolized, is bound 50% to plasma protein, and has a renal clearance of 400 mL/min in man, the mode of excretion must be:

Accepted Answer

The renal clearance of 400 mL/min is higher than the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of about 125 mL/min, indicating that the drug is not only filtered but also secreted. Since the drug is 50% bound to plasma proteins, only the unbound fraction is filtered, further supporting the involvement of tubular secretion in its excretion.

Question 12

Which of the following results in a doubling of steady-state conc. of the drug

Accepted Answer

The steady-state concentration of a drug is directly proportional to the rate of infusion. Therefore, doubling the rate of infusion will result in a doubling of the steady-state concentration.

Question 13

A student studying pharmacology is a member of a team that is conducting research related to the elimination of multiple anticoagulant medications. His duty as a member of the team is to collect serum M samples of the subjects every 4 hours and send them for analysis of serum drug levels. He is also supposed to collect, document and analyze the data. For one of the subjects, he notices that the subject is eliminating 0.5 mg of the drug every 4 hours. Which of the following anticoagulants did this patient most likely consume?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student studying pharmacology is a member...

Question 14

A drug with a half life of 8 hours is administered by continuous intravenous infusion. How long will it take to reach 90% of its final steady-state level?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug with a half life of...

Question 15

A patient receives a single dose of antibiotics following a prostate needle biopsy. He takes 500 mg of ciprofloxacin immediately after completion of the procedure. The half-life of the medication is 8 h. At approximately how many halflives will it take for 90% of the drug to be excreted from the body?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient receives a single dose of...

Question 16

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of propranolol include Vd = 300 L/70 kg, CL = 700 mL/min, and oral bioavailability f = 0.25. What is the dose needed to achieve a plasma level equivalent to a steady-state level of 20 ?g/L?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pharmacokinetic characteristics of propranolol include Vd =...

Question 17

A doctor write in a prescription ( Take 1 Capsule (3mg) every 6 hours ) and you know the t1/2 of the drug = 3 hours, then, what's the maximal amount of the drug that would accumulate in Plasma?:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A doctor write in a prescription (...

Question 18

Normally, acetaminophen has a Vd = 70L and C1 = 350 mL/min. If acetaminophen was administered to a patient with 50% renal function, what parameter would differ from normal?

Accepted Answer

The half-life (t ½) would be higher because reduced renal function would decrease the clearance (Cl), leading to a longer time for the drug to be eliminated from the body.

Question 19

A drug with elimination rate of 5mg/h had a 5mg/L serum level. If the urine concentration of the drug is 30mg/L and urine flow rate is 10mg/L what is the renal clearance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug with elimination rate of 5mg/h...

Question 20

A solution Verapamil is administered to the portal vein of the isolated perfused liver of a rat at a concentration of 8.9 mg/L. After 5 minutes, the concentration that is measured at the hepatic vein is 2.99 mg/L and the hepatic blood flow is 1050 mL/min. What is the hepatic extraction rate (ERH) of verapamil in this model/Hepatic clearance respectively

Accepted Answer

The hepatic extraction ratio (ERH) is calculated using the formula: ERH = (Cin - Cout) / Cin, where Cin is the concentration entering the liver (8.9 mg/L) and Cout is the concentration leaving the liver (2.99 mg/L). ERH = (8.9 - 2.99) / 8.9 = 0.664. The hepatic clearance is calculated as ERH * hepatic blood flow = 0.664 * 1050 mL/min = 696.2 mL/min. However, the closest option is A with 0.5286/687.2 mL/min, indicating a possible error in the provided options or calculations.

Quiz 6: Chapter 6: Pharmacokinetics and Drug Absorption: Understanding Drug Permeation, Distribution, and Elimination