Question 1

Toddlers who speak using words linked to social relationships rather than objects are demonstrating which style of learning language?

Accepted Answer

Toddlers who use words related to social relationships are demonstrating an expressive style of language learning, which focuses on social interactions and communication.

Question 2

Which style of language learning is a child demonstrating if they are drawn to objects, spend more of their time in solitary play with objects, and interact with others mostly around objects?

Accepted Answer

A child demonstrating a referential style of language learning is focused on objects and tends to use language primarily to label objects and describe their environment.

Question 3

All babies throughout the world do which of the following with regard to language development?

Accepted Answer

All babies go through the same sequence of language development, but the rate can vary due to environmental and cultural factors.

Question 4

According to Piaget, what is the first stage of cognitive development, which can be divided into four substages?

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory, occurring from birth to about 2 years, and is divided into four substages.

Question 5

Magdalena is 3 weeks old. She sucks instantly whenever anything is placed near her mouth whether it is her mother's breast, her hand, or her blanket. According to Piaget, this random sucking is an example of which technique in the sensorimotor substage?

Accepted Answer

Magdalena's behavior is an example of a reflex, which is an automatic response to a stimulus. In Piaget's sensorimotor stage, reflexes are the first substage, where infants respond to stimuli with innate reflexes such as sucking.

Question 6

What do primary circular reactions focus on?

Accepted Answer

Primary circular reactions focus on the infant's own body, as they involve repetitive actions centered around the infant's own body and sensory experiences.

Question 7

What do secondary circular reactions focus on?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do secondary circular reactions focus on?
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Question 8

Five-month-old Averie loves shaking her toy bear in different ways to hear the different bell sounds it makes. According to Piaget, which technique in the sensorimotor stage is Averie demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Averie is demonstrating a secondary circular reaction, which involves repeating actions that produce interesting effects in the environment, such as shaking a toy to hear the sound it makes.

Question 9

According to Piaget, what is problem solving in which several schemes are combined and coordinated to reach a single goal?

Accepted Answer

Means-end behavior refers to the cognitive process where several schemes are combined and coordinated to achieve a specific goal, as described by Piaget.

Question 10

Martha attended her 4-year-old cousin's birthday party where the children played musical chairs. A few weeks later, Martha moved the chairs in her playroom in a circle, turned on her CD player and began to role play musical chairs. This deferred imitation demonstrates which technique in the sensorimotor substages?

Accepted Answer

Deferred imitation is a sign of the beginning of mental representation, where a child can remember and replicate actions they have observed at a later time.

Question 11

The infant who cries when her mother goes into another room, believing she is gone forever, may be demonstrating her lack of which concept, according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or otherwise sensed. An infant who cries when her mother leaves the room may not yet have developed this concept, believing the mother is gone forever.

Question 12

Babies love toys such as shape sorters, cabinets that open and close, pocketbooks with hidden treasures, and adults who play peek-a-boo with them. All of these help children to develop which concept that allows them to see that things that are out of sight are not gone forever?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched, which is developed through activities like playing with toys and games such as peek-a-boo.

Question 13

During which period does the infant practice changing basic schemes such as grasping and sucking so that these schemes are coordinated schemes from different senses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During which period does the infant practice...

Question 14

An infant is born on automatic pilot, using reflexes or built-in schemes. What substage is she in at birth?

Accepted Answer

At birth, an infant is in the "Reflexes" substage, where they rely on innate reflexes such as sucking and grasping.

Question 15

Sarah picks up her spoon, turns over her cup and begins to tap on it. According to Piaget, this experimentation is typical of toddlers from 12-18 months of age who are in which substage of sensorimotor?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary circular reactions involve experimentation and exploring new ways to interact with objects, typical of toddlers aged 12-18 months.

Question 16

In which substage is the child acting as a little scientist, experimenting in purposeful ways with familiar objects?

Accepted Answer

In the tertiary circular reactions substage, children experiment with new actions to see the results, acting like little scientists.

Question 17

What must a child be able to conceptualize before deferred imitation is possible?

Accepted Answer

Deferred imitation requires the ability to form internal representations of actions or events, allowing the child to recall and reproduce them later.

Question 18

In which substage is a child able to form internal representation?

Accepted Answer

In Substage 6, beginning of mental representation, children develop the ability to form internal representations of objects and events, allowing them to think about things that are not immediately present.

Question 19

Critics of Piaget now realize that object permanence occurs earlier than he thought. Which areas of development did Piaget's experiments focus on to demonstrate mastery of this concept?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's experiments focused on motor abilities, as he observed infants' physical interactions with objects to determine their understanding of object permanence.

Question 20

Infants in the first year of life learn through which methods?

Accepted Answer

Infants learn through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and habituation, as these methods help them understand and adapt to their environment.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood