Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an element of multilinear models of social change?

Accepted Answer

Multilinear models of social change do not assume that all societies will eventually resemble Western societies; this is a characteristic of unilinear models. Multilinear models recognize diverse paths of development.

Question 2

Multilinear models of social change are NOT useful in understanding:

Accepted Answer

Multilinear models focus on the diverse paths and processes of social change rather than the decline or disappearance of societies.

Question 3

The idea that all societies pass through stages roughly equivalent to the life stages of human beings is the central idea of which of the following models of social change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that all societies pass through...

Question 4

"Rise and fall" theories are examples of which of the following models of social change?

Accepted Answer

Cyclical theories of social change suggest that societies go through cycles of rise and fall, similar to the concept of "rise and fall" theories.

Question 5

In his work The Decline of the West, Oswald Spengler argued that the West reached maturity in the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In his work The Decline of the...

Question 6

A "challenge and response" model of social change was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

Arnold Toynbee proposed the "challenge and response" model, suggesting that civilizations rise and fall based on their ability to respond to challenges.

Question 7

The idea that history has a way of repeating itself is characteristic of which of the following approaches to social change?

Accepted Answer

Cyclical theories suggest that history is characterized by recurring cycles and patterns, implying that events and social changes tend to repeat over time.

Question 8

The belief that social change is an inevitable consequence of human living and that the world's societies would eventually resemble those of Western Europe is characteristic of which of the following models of social change?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary model of social change suggests that societies progress through stages and that social change is inevitable, often leading to a state resembling Western societies.

Question 9

Which of the following terms is used by Pitirim Sorokin to refer to a cultural system that stresses spiritual values, hard work, self-denial, and a strong moral code?

Accepted Answer

Pitirim Sorokin used the term "ideational culture" to describe a cultural system that emphasizes spiritual values, self-denial, and a strong moral code, contrasting with materialistic or sensate cultures that focus on sensory and materialistic values.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ideational culture is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about ideational...

Question 11

According to Pitirim Sorokin, the stage at which ideational and sensate cultures merge to form a 	new culture is termed:

Accepted Answer

According to Pitirim Sorokin, the stage at which ideational and sensate cultures merge to form a new culture is termed the idealistic point.

Question 12

Which of the following approaches to social change is associated with the idea that struggle among groups with different amounts of power produces social change, which leads to a new system of social stratification, which in turn leads to further struggle and further change?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theories focus on the power struggles between different groups, leading to social change and new social structures.

Question 13

Which of the following theorists is most closely identified with a conflict model of social change?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx is most closely associated with the conflict model of social change, emphasizing class struggle and economic factors as drivers of societal transformation.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an element of conflict models of social change?

Accepted Answer

Conflict models of social change focus on the role of social class and struggle in driving change, not on fluctuations between "idealism" and "sensationalism," which is not a recognized concept in these models.

Question 15

In his theory of social change, Karl Marx argues that revolutions occur as a result of:

Accepted Answer

Marx's theory of social change emphasizes that revolutions occur due to changes in the means of production, which alter the economic structure and class relations, leading to conflict and eventually revolution.

Question 16

From a functionalist perspective, social change occurs as a result of such factors as:

Accepted Answer

Population growth and changes in technology are factors that can lead to social change from a functionalist perspective.

Question 17

In his analysis of social change, Talcott Parsons applies a "homeostatic" model of society. By this he means that:

Accepted Answer

Parsons' homeostatic model suggests that as changes occur within a society, its institutions work to restore balance and maintain social order, similar to how a biological system maintains equilibrium.

Question 18

Which of the following is most closely associated with the functionalist approach to social change?

Accepted Answer

Talcott Parsons is known for his work in functionalism, which emphasizes the stability and integration of society and how social institutions contribute to social order and change.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT associated with the functionalist approach to social change?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism views social change as a process that can be managed and integrated into society, rather than something that should be avoided at all costs.

Question 20

Michael K. believes that the basic nature of all societies is to maintain a balance among the various parts of society. Every time a change does occur, mechanisms evolve that restore balance and allow things to operate smoothly. This view is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The description aligns with functionalist theories, which emphasize the stability and equilibrium of society, and how changes are balanced by mechanisms that restore order.

Quiz 22: Global Social Change