Question 1

Recall that in an Asch-type conformity experiment (Frager, 1970), Japanese students were less conforming than were North Americans.According to researchers, these findings suggest that

Accepted Answer

The findings suggest that in Japan, conformity is more likely in groups toward which one feels loyalty, rather than a general tendency toward conformity. This is consistent with the collectivistic culture of Japan, which places emphasis on group harmony and loyalty. The other options do not align as well with the findings of the study.

Question 2

________ norms address people's perceptions of what other people approve of, whereas ________ norms address people's perceptions of what other people actually do.

Accepted Answer

Injunctive norms refer to people's perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved of by others. Descriptive norms refer to people's perceptions of how others actually behave, regardless of whether those behaviors are approved or disapproved of.

Question 3

According to several replications of Asch's line studies in Japan, Germany, and Britain, people in those countries are more likely to conform to groups

Accepted Answer

People are more likely to conform to groups to which they belong. This is supported by research in different countries, including Japan, Germany, and Britain, where people tend to conform to their in-group to maintain social harmony and avoid rejection.

Question 4

Teenagers are often more susceptible to influence attempts from peers than from their parents.This is because peers become more important to teenagers than their parents are.This example represents the influence of Bibb Latané's (1981) concept of ________ on normative conformity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Teenagers are often more susceptible to influence...

Question 5

Majorities tend to rely on ________, whereas minorities tend to rely on ________.

Accepted Answer

Majorities tend to rely on normative social influence, which is the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them. On the other hand, minorities tend to rely on informational social influence, which is the influence of other people that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information or knowledge about the situation. The reason for this is that minorities have less power and status than majorities and are therefore less likely to be motivated to conform for social acceptance reasons.

Question 6

Emily is a member of a collectivist culture, and she has just conformed with her social group.That behavior is considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, conformity is often seen as a sign of sensitivity to the needs and opinions of others in the social group. It is not viewed as an act of weakness, but rather as a way of maintaining social harmony and avoiding conflict.

Question 7

Wilson is part of a group and has a different opinion from the rest of the group.He can successfully influence the majority group through

Accepted Answer

Wilson can influence the majority group by providing new or unique information that the group is not aware of, which can lead to a change in the group's opinion. This is known as informational social influence. Normative social influence involves conforming to the group's expectations to gain approval and acceptance, which is not applicable in Wilson's scenario as he has a different opinion from the rest of the group. Public compliance involves agreeing with the group's opinion without actually believing in it, which is not a successful form of influence. Assertive verbal jousting may create conflict and defensiveness among the group, which may not lead to a change in their opinion.

Question 8

Research shows that conformity is not always required of group members.If a member of your group occasionally deviates from the group and the group doesn't impose negative consequences, the individual has used some of his/her ________.

Accepted Answer

Idiosyncrasy credits are a concept in social psychology that suggest that individuals earn credit for conformity, and can use that credit to deviate from the group temporarily without being punished. This concept suggests that conformity is not always required, and that individuals can still maintain group membership while deviating occasionally. The other choices (B, C, and D) are not relevant to this concept.

Question 9

Researchers (Bond & Smith, 1996) conducted a meta-analysis of 133 Asch line-judgment studies conducted in 17 countries.They found that conformity was higher in ________ because normative social influence ________.

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that conformity was higher in collectivistic cultures because normative social influence promotes harmony within the group. In individualistic cultures, people are more focused on their individual values and goals, and conformity is less important for maintaining social harmony. Agricultural cultures and industrialized cultures do not necessarily have a direct relationship with conformity levels.

Question 10

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967) and others.Based on this research, who would be LEAST likely to conform to other group members' opinions?

Accepted Answer

According to J.W. Berry's research, members of individualistic societies, such as the Inuit fishing society, are less likely to conform to the opinions of others. Therefore, A, a member of an Inuit fishing society, would be least likely to conform to other group members' opinions. B, a member of an African farming society, and D, a member of an African cattle-raising society, are both from collectivistic societies where conformity is more valued. C, a member of a Norwegian community, is from a society that falls somewhere in between individualistic and collectivistic values.

Question 11

Majority influence is to ________ as ________ is to private acceptance.

Accepted Answer

Majority influence often leads to public compliance because individuals conform to the majority's views publicly, even if they do not always agree privately. Minority influence, on the other hand, is more likely to lead to private acceptance, where individuals genuinely change their views or behaviors internally after being influenced by a persuasive minority.

Question 12

Dr.Emile is trying to replicate Asch's study in a collectivist culture.He's not seeing the degree of conformity in the lab that Asch saw.Which of the following is the most likely reason why?

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures place a strong emphasis on group cohesion and loyalty, but this loyalty is typically reserved for groups that are considered important or relevant to the individual's identity. As a result, it is less likely that participants in Dr. Emile's study are conforming to a group of strangers, as they may not feel a strong sense of obligation or loyalty to this group. This is consistent with research on social identity theory, which suggests that individuals are more likely to conform to groups in which they have a strong social identity.

Question 13

Mark is a Democrat.He just joined a Welfare Reform Committee made up of nine Republicans.Mark holds a minority opinion on this issue.If Mark wants his opinion to influence the group's final recommendations, he should

Accepted Answer

Expressing a consistent, unwavering viewpoint can help Mark influence the group by demonstrating commitment and confidence in his perspective, which can sway others over time.

Question 14

Felicia is initially the only member of the jury who believes that the defendant is innocent.After hearing and debating Felicia's arguments, the jury unanimously declares the defendant not guilty.The jurors' decision will most likely be characterized by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Felicia is initially the only member of...

Question 15

Charlene typically goes along with what her group of friends wants and asks of her.However, one day she refuses to meet them for smoothies after class.Chances are, Charlene will face little retribution for this as long as she has enough

Accepted Answer

Idiosyncrasy credits refer to the amount of freedom individuals have to deviate from group norms without facing negative consequences. Charlene's refusal to meet her friends for smoothies goes against the norm of her group, but if she has accumulated enough idiosyncrasy credits through previous conformity, she may be able to deviate without facing retribution.

Question 16

During a drought, Lynne noticed that all of her neighbors had stopped watering their lawns even though there were no laws against it.Lynne was following a(n) ________ norm when she let her lawn turn brown, too.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive norms describe what most people do in a particular situation, so Lynne was following the norm of her neighbors by not watering her lawn during the drought. Proscriptive norms, on the other hand, describe what people should not do, while objective norms are based on external standards or rules. Productive norms do not apply in this context.

Question 17

Cross-cultural replications of Solomon Asch's original (1951) conformity studies (in which participants gave public judgments of the lengths of lines) have revealed that

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural replications of Asch's conformity studies have shown that the extent of conformity varies depending on the culture in which participants were raised. This suggests that social norms and values of different societies influence the extent to which individuals conform to the opinions of the majority.

Question 18

Which of the following comparisons represents the strength dimension as defined by social impact theory (Latané, 1981)?

Accepted Answer

The strength dimension in social impact theory refers to the importance, power, or intensity of the source of influence. Friends versus strangers represents this dimension because friends typically have more influence due to their importance and emotional connection compared to strangers.

Question 19

Recall that when Solomon Asch (1955) conducted an experiment in which six confederates gave the wrong judgment about the lengths of lines and in which a seventh confederate gave the correct judgment, participants' normative conformity dropped drastically.These findings support the importance of ________ in creating conformity.

Accepted Answer

This experiment demonstrated that the presence of a unanimous group, where all confederates provided the same wrong answer, was a significant factor in creating normative conformity among the participants. As soon as there was a dissenter who provided the correct answer, the normative pressures to conform reduced drastically.

Question 20

Jane's softball team is planning to steal the other team's mascot-a baby goat.Jane does not want to participate in such a scheme.Which of the following situations would make it more likely that Jane will refuse to help her team steal the goat?

Accepted Answer

If another member of the team decides not to participate, it may give Jane the confidence or support she needs to also refuse to participate, as it reduces the pressure to conform.

Quiz 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Recall that in an Asch-type conformity experiment (Frager, 1970) , Japanese students were less conforming than were North Americans.According to researchers, these findings suggest that

norms address people's perceptions of what other people approve of, whereas norms address people's perceptions of what other people actually do.