Question 1

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-The undersecretion of thyroid hormone during fetal development and infancy causes dwarfism,mental retardation,and slow sexual development.

Accepted Answer

The undersecretion of thyroid hormone during fetal development and infancy is called cretinism.

Answer: E
 Grave's disease is associated with the overproduction of thyroid hormone, not undersecretion.

Answer: I
 Acromegaly is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone from the pituitary gland, not the undersecretion of thyroid hormone.

Note: None of the other options listed match the given definition.

Question 2

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-Enrique,28 years old,has a low heart rate,cool skin,puffy face,and behaves sluggishly.He probably has this thyroid disorder.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of hypothyroidism, specifically myxedema. Addison's disease is a disorder of the adrenal glands, characterized by low levels of cortisol and aldosterone. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder of water balance, caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The adrenal medulla is a part of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. Grave's disease is a form of hyperthyroidism, characterized by high levels of thyroid hormones in the blood. Cushing's syndrome is a disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the body. Cretinism is a form of congenital hypothyroidism, caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones in infancy or childhood. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. Acromegaly is a disorder caused by excess growth hormone, resulting in enlargement of body parts.

Question 3

________ is a very common second messenger.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is a very common second messenger....

Question 4

When the concentration of sodium in the blood becomes too high,hormonal mechanisms come into play to counteract this dangerous condition.This type of response is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the concentration of sodium in the...

Question 5

If Mary were lost in the Sahara desert in the summer,why should she not drink alcohol?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If Mary were lost in the Sahara...

Question 6

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine,which are extremely important in the flight or fight reactions.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla is responsible for producing epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are important in the flight or fight response.

Answer: B
 Addison's disease is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone.

Answer: C
 Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the kidneys are unable to properly conserve water, leading to excessive urination and thirst.

Answer: E
 Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism.

Answer: F
 Cushing's syndrome is a condition where the body produces too much cortisol, leading to weight gain, muscle weakness, and other symptoms.

Answer: G
 Cretinism is a congenital form of hypothyroidism, characterized by stunted growth and mental retardation.

Answer: H
 Diabetes mellitus is a condition where the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels.

Answer: I
 Acromegaly is a condition where the body produces too much growth hormone, leading to abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face.

Question 7

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A syndrome that results from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol and can be characterized by fatigue,high blood pressure,and elevated glucose levels.

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, high blood pressure, and elevated glucose levels.

Answer: B
 Addison's disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

Answer: H
 Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the body is unable to properly use and store glucose, leading to high blood sugar levels and symptoms such as fatigue, frequent urination, and thirst.

Note: The other terms listed do not match the given definition.

Question 8

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-An autoimmune disorder caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone; it is characterized by increased metabolic rate and heart rate.

Accepted Answer

The autoimmune disorder caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone is Grave's disease.

Answer: F
 Cushing's syndrome is characterized by an overproduction of cortisol, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.

Answer: H
 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels.

Note: The other terms listed do not match the given definition.

Question 9

Civil defense officials usually stock large supplies of nonradioactive iodine,which would be distributed in the event of a release of radioactive iodine.Please explain why.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Civil defense officials usually stock large supplies...

Question 10

Which hormones produced by the adrenal gland might help to offset some of the symptoms of menopause?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which hormones produced by the adrenal gland...

Question 11

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A group of disorders characterized by problems in insulin production or function.

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders characterized by problems in insulin production or function.

Answer: None of the above 
 None of the terms in the second column relate to the thyroid gland, which is the primary gland responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and growth. The terms in the second column refer to disorders of the adrenal gland (B, D, F), pituitary gland (I), and kidneys (C), or to general conditions affecting growth and metabolism (A, E, G).

Question 12

Hormones responsible for the fight-or-flight response are produced in the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormones responsible for the fight-or-flight response are...

Question 13

If someone had an excess of growth hormone through their childhood,they may have ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If someone had an excess of growth...

Question 14

Why should consumers be skeptical about ingesting melatonin supplements or any other dietary supplement sold in vitamin or health stores?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why should consumers be skeptical about ingesting...

Question 15

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A condition that results from a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone.

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone, which leads to excessive urination and thirst.

Answer: B
 Addison's disease is a condition that results from a deficiency in adrenal hormones, specifically cortisol and aldosterone.

Answer: H
 Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels, either due to insufficient insulin production (Type 1 diabetes) or insulin resistance (Type 2 diabetes).

Answer: D
 The adrenal medulla is the innermost region of the adrenal gland and produces hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Answer: E
 Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in overproduction of thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, anxiety, and tremors.

Answer: F
 Cushing's syndrome is a condition characterized by high levels of cortisol in the blood, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.

Answer: G
 Cretinism is a condition that results from an underactive thyroid gland during infancy, leading to stunted growth and intellectual disability.

Answer: A
 Myxedema is a condition that results from an underactive thyroid gland in adulthood, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance.

Answer: I
 Acromegaly is a condition that results from overproduction of growth hormone in adulthood, leading to enlargement of the hands, feet, and facial features.

Question 16

Prostaglandins may act as local signaling molecules in the uterus,causing ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prostaglandins may act as local signaling molecules...

Question 17

What are the possible effects of stress on the body?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the possible effects of stress...

Question 18

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-An autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system perceives cells of the adrenal cortex as foreign and destroys the cells.

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system perceives cells of the adrenal cortex as foreign and destroys the cells.

Answer: E
 Grave's disease is an autoimmune disease that leads to overactivity of the thyroid gland.

Answer: H
 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.

Note: The other terms listed are not related to autoimmune diseases.

Question 19

The ________ is a shield-shaped structure in the front of the neck that is deep red in color because of its extensive blood supply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is a shield-shaped structure in...

Question 20

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A condition that occurs in adults in which there is an excess of growth hormone so that the bones thicken but do not lengthen.

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly is the condition in which there is an excess of growth hormone in adults, causing bones to thicken but not lengthen.

Quiz 10: The Endocrine System

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The undersecretion of thyroid hormone during fetal development and infancy causes dwarfism,mental retardation,and slow sexual development.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -Enrique,28 years old,has a low heart rate,cool skin,puffy face,and behaves sluggishly.He probably has this thyroid disorder.

________ is a very common second messenger.

When the concentration of sodium in the blood becomes too high,hormonal mechanisms come into play to counteract this dangerous condition.This type of response is called ________.

If Mary were lost in the Sahara desert in the summer,why should she not drink alcohol?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine,which are extremely important in the flight or fight reactions.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A syndrome that results from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol and can be characterized by fatigue,high blood pressure,and elevated glucose levels.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -An autoimmune disorder caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone; it is characterized by increased metabolic rate and heart rate.

Civil defense officials usually stock large supplies of nonradioactive iodine,which would be distributed in the event of a release of radioactive iodine.Please explain why.

Which hormones produced by the adrenal gland might help to offset some of the symptoms of menopause?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A group of disorders characterized by problems in insulin production or function.

Hormones responsible for the fight-or-flight response are produced in the ________.

If someone had an excess of growth hormone through their childhood,they may have ________.

Why should consumers be skeptical about ingesting melatonin supplements or any other dietary supplement sold in vitamin or health stores?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A condition that results from a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone.

Prostaglandins may act as local signaling molecules in the uterus,causing ________.

What are the possible effects of stress on the body?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -An autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system perceives cells of the adrenal cortex as foreign and destroys the cells.

The ________ is a shield-shaped structure in the front of the neck that is deep red in color because of its extensive blood supply.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A condition that occurs in adults in which there is an excess of growth hormone so that the bones thicken but do not lengthen.