Question 1

When your professor stands behind a podium, you perceive your professor as being further away than the podium because the podium blocks the vision of the professor's body. This is an example of which depth cue
A) relative height
B) convergence
C) occlusion
D) accommodation

Accepted Answer

Occlusion occurs when one object blocks the view of another object, creating the perception of depth. In this case, the podium is blocking the view of the professor's body, creating the perception that the professor is further away. Relative height refers to the perception that objects higher in our field of vision are farther away, convergence refers to the inward movement of the eyes that occurs when we focus on nearby objects, and accommodation refers to the changing shape of the lens in the eye to focus on nearby or far away objects.

Question 2

When you put your 3-D glasses on at a movie, the lenses separate the two overlapping images so that each eye only receives one of the images. Today, the image separation is most often achieved by using _____ light.
A) disparate
B) alternative-source
C) displaced
D) polarized

Accepted Answer

Modern 3-D glasses use polarized lenses to separate the two overlapping images. One lens is polarized vertically and the other is polarized horizontally, allowing each eye to receive only one image.

Question 3

The importance of _____ is that these stimuli rely solely on binocular disparity to provide the impression of depth.
A) lenticular projections?
B) stereographic photographs
C) gradient patterns
D) random dot stereograms

Accepted Answer

Random dot stereograms rely solely on binocular disparity to provide the impression of depth, making them important for studying visual perception and stereopsis.

Question 4

Deletion and accretion are _____.
A) especially effective when viewing non-moving displays
B) only important when both eyes are open
C) effective for detecting depth when moving sideways
D) ineffective for judging depth in natural environments

Accepted Answer

Deletion and accretion are particularly effective for detecting depth when moving sideways, as they occur due to occlusion (deletion) and emergence (accretion) of objects as they move in relation to the observer. They may also be effective in natural environments, such as when walking or driving, but their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific context.

Question 5

_____ is defined as depth perception created by input from both eyes.
A) Binocular integration
B) Convergent depth perception
C) Stereoscopic depth perception
D) Viewpoint dependent depth

Accepted Answer

Stereoscopic depth perception is the depth perception created by input from both eyes. This is because each eye has a slightly different view of the same object, and the brain integrates these inputs to create a sense of depth and three-dimensionality.

Question 6

_____ is a term used to describe conditions in which movements between the two eyes are not coordinated.
A) Strabismus
B) Macular degeneration
C) Ciliary disjunctive disorder
D) Oculomotor instability

Accepted Answer

Strabismus, also known as crossed eyes or squint, is a condition in which the eyes are misaligned, causing them to point in different directions. This results in difficulty with coordination between the eyes, leading to problems with depth perception, visual acuity, and eye movement control.

Question 7

Individuals with "walleye" or other conditions in which the eyes are misaligned have difficulty with depth perception because _____.
A) the cortex receives messages from both eyes, making it difficult to attend to one visual stimulus
B) the visual system suppresses vision in one eye in order to avoid having the experience of double vision
C) the misaligned eye movements are "jittery" making it difficult to form a stable perception
D) they are unable to use any picture depth cues

Accepted Answer

When the eyes are misaligned, the brain "suppresses" vision in one eye (known as "amblyopia") in order to avoid seeing double. This suppression can lead to difficulty with depth perception since the brain is not receiving input from both eyes simultaneously.

Question 8

Several years ago, Bryce, a devoted fan of the Houston Rockets basketball team who had gone to many games in person, saw the player Yao Ming (who is 7'6" tall) standing next to his coach Jeff VanGundy (who is less than 6 feet tall). Bryce still remembers that she correctly perceived the two men as being the same distance away from her. Which depth cue most influenced her perception
A) relative height
B) relative size
C) familiar size
D) accretion

Accepted Answer

Familiar size most influenced her perception because Bryce used her knowledge of Yao Ming's and Jeff VanGundy's actual sizes to perceive them as being the same distance away from her, despite the significant height difference.

Question 9

As Tyler looks down a railroad track, he perceives the sides of the tracks as becoming closer as the distance increases. This is an example of _____.
A) atmospheric perspective
B) familiar size
C) perspective convergence
D) motion parallax

Accepted Answer

The perception of the railroad tracks appearing to converge is an example of perspective convergence, which occurs when parallel lines appear to come together as they extend into the distance. Atmospheric perspective refers to the blurring or muted colors of objects in the distance due to the atmosphere. Familiar size refers to the perception of an object's size being influenced by its distance and our prior knowledge of its typical size. Motion parallax refers to the perception of objects closer to us moving faster than objects farther away as we move through space.

Question 10

Of the oculomotor depth cues, convergence is _____ than accommodation.
A) less effective
B) more effective
C) equally effective
D) less automatic

Accepted Answer

Convergence is generally more effective than accommodation as a depth cue because it involves the angle of the eyes converging on an object, providing more precise information about distance.

Question 11

The imaginary plane in which all objects project to corresponding points in the left and right retina is _____.
A) the horopter
B) the univariance plane
C) the constancy arc
D) the binocular area

Accepted Answer

The imaginary plane where all objects project to corresponding points in the left and right retina is called the horopter. This is the plane where the images from both eyes overlap and create single visual perception. The other answer choices are not related to the concept of the horopter.

Question 12

Epstein (1965) presented observers photographs of a quarter, dime, and half-dollar that were all equal in physical size. His results showed that _____.
A) familiar size is most effective when other information about depth is absent
B) familiar size is most effective when the observer has both eyes open
C) the quarter was judged to be closer than the dime, when viewed monocularly
D) accommodation is a stronger cue than any pictorial depth cue

Accepted Answer

Familiar size is a depth cue that is most effective when other depth information is absent, as it relies on the observer's knowledge of the object's typical size to judge distance.

Question 13

What depth cue could be classified as a binocular cue and an oculomotor cue
A) accommodation
B) accretion
C) stereopsis
D) convergence

Accepted Answer

Convergence is both a binocular cue, as it requires the use of both eyes to perceive depth, and an oculomotor cue as it involves the movement of the eye muscles to adjust the eyes' angle of convergence. The other options are either solely binocular cues (accretion and stereopsis) or solely oculomotor cues (accommodation).

Question 14

Merrill watches his finger with both eyes as he brings it closer to his nose. As the finger gets closer, his eyes move inward and he feels his eye muscles working. Which depth cue(s) is/are associated with the changes made in the shape of the lens as he brings objects into focus
A) accommodation and convergence
B) convergence and accretion
C) accretion
D) stereopsis

Accepted Answer

The changes made in the shape of the lens as Merrill brings his finger closer to his nose are associated with the depth cues of accommodation and convergence. Accommodation refers to the changes in the shape of the lens to allow for near or distant vision, while convergence refers to the inward movement of the eyes as an object gets closer to maintain single binocular vision.

Question 15

Motion parallax _____.
A) is widely used to create depth in cartoons and video games
B) is an important depth cue for amphibians, but not mammals
C) occurs when near objects are perceived as moving slower than distant objects
D) has not proven to be an effective cue for robot vision

Accepted Answer

Motion parallax is a depth cue where closer objects appear to move faster than distant ones as an observer moves, and it is widely used in animations and video games to create a sense of depth.

Question 16

_____ is the difference in the images in the two eyes; _____ is the impression of depth that results from this information.
A) Deletion; accretion
B) Accretion; deletion
C) Binocular disparity; convergence
D) Binocular disparity; stereopsis

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity is the difference in the images in the two eyes, and stereopsis is the impression of depth that results from this information. Choice A (Deletion; accretion) is incorrect as deletion and accretion refer to how objects are seen when they move across the visual field, not to binocular vision. Choice B (Accretion; deletion) is also incorrect for the same reason. Choice C (Binocular disparity; convergence) is partially correct, but convergence refers to the muscles in the eyes working together to focus on an object, not to the perception of depth.

Question 17

Vinod is standing on a rooftop in a city. The buildings closer to him look sharper, and the buildings in the distance look hazier. This is an example of which depth cue
A) atmospheric perspective
B) occlusion
C) relative size
D) shadowing

Accepted Answer

Atmospheric perspective is the visual phenomenon where objects that are farther away appear hazier due to the scattering of light by the atmosphere. This is exactly what Vinod is experiencing while standing on the rooftop in a city - the buildings closer to him look sharper while the buildings in the distance look hazier.

Question 18

A stereoscope provides the illusion of depth in 2-D images by _____.
A) rapidly alternating between two images
B) presenting an image to each eye at different distances from the retina
C) presenting an image to each eye that are from slightly different perspectives
D) presenting an image to each eye that have different polarization filters in place

Accepted Answer

The stereoscope works by presenting a slightly different image to each eye, which are from different perspectives. The brain then combines these images to create the illusion of depth, making the viewer feel like they are seeing a 3-D image.

Question 19

The depth cue that is responsible for perceiving depth in "3-D" movies is _____.
A) motion parallax
B) accommodation
C) binocular disparity?
D) relative height

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity is the depth cue responsible for perceiving depth in "3-D" movies. This cue relies on the slightly different perspectives provided by each eye to create the illusion of depth.

Question 20

Which depth cue is effective both from 0-2 meters and above 20 meters
A) atmospheric perspective
B) occlusion
C) accommodation
D) convergence

Accepted Answer

Occlusion is a depth cue that is effective at all distances. It occurs when a closer object blocks an object that is farther away, helping the observer perceive depth. This principle works regardless of whether the objects are very close (0-2 meters) or much farther away (above 20 meters).

Quiz 10: Perceiving Depth and Size

When your professor stands behind a podium, you perceive your professor as being further away than the podium because the podium blocks the vision of the professor's body. This is an example of which depth cue

When you put your 3-D glasses on at a movie, the lenses separate the two overlapping images so that each eye only receives one of the images. Today, the image separation is most often achieved by using _____ light.

The importance of _____ is that these stimuli rely solely on binocular disparity to provide the impression of depth.

Deletion and accretion are _____.

_____ is defined as depth perception created by input from both eyes.

_____ is a term used to describe conditions in which movements between the two eyes are not coordinated.

Individuals with "walleye" or other conditions in which the eyes are misaligned have difficulty with depth perception because _____.

As Tyler looks down a railroad track, he perceives the sides of the tracks as becoming closer as the distance increases. This is an example of _____.

Of the oculomotor depth cues, convergence is _____ than accommodation.

The imaginary plane in which all objects project to corresponding points in the left and right retina is _____.

Epstein (1965) presented observers photographs of a quarter, dime, and half-dollar that were all equal in physical size. His results showed that _____.

What depth cue could be classified as a binocular cue and an oculomotor cue

Merrill watches his finger with both eyes as he brings it closer to his nose. As the finger gets closer, his eyes move inward and he feels his eye muscles working. Which depth cue(s) is/are associated with the changes made in the shape of the lens as he brings objects into focus

Motion parallax _____.

_ is the difference in the images in the two eyes; _ is the impression of depth that results from this information.

Vinod is standing on a rooftop in a city. The buildings closer to him look sharper, and the buildings in the distance look hazier. This is an example of which depth cue

A stereoscope provides the illusion of depth in 2-D images by _____.

The depth cue that is responsible for perceiving depth in "3-D" movies is _____.

Which depth cue is effective both from 0-2 meters and above 20 meters