Question 1

During sleep,which of the following prevents you from acting out your dreams?

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, the body experiences muscle atonia, also called REM sleep paralysis, which inhibits movement to prevent acting out dreams. Lucid dreaming is when a person is aware they are dreaming and can sometimes control the dream. REM behavior disorder is a condition where muscle atonia does not occur during REM sleep, leading to physical movement during dreaming. Somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking, occurs during non-REM sleep and is not related to dream enactment.

Question 2

Carrie tells a tabloid news reporter that she had been abducted by aliens.She relates how she awoke in the morning only to find herself paralyzed,hearing buzzing sounds,and feeling electrical sensations throughout her body.She then became aware of figures lurking in her room and then saw vague images of alien beings.When she was a young child,she thought they were angels or fairies.Carrie is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Carrie's experience is most likely a hypnopompic hallucination, which occurs when a person is transitioning from sleep to wakefulness. The paralysis, buzzing sounds, and electrical sensations are common experiences during sleep paralysis, and the vague images of alien beings are consistent with hallucinations that can occur during this state.

Question 3

Which of the following occurs during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, there is usually a rapid or irregular heart rate and blood pressure. B is incorrect because delta waves are typically associated with non-REM sleep. C is incorrect because during REM sleep, voluntary muscle movement is mostly inhibited by the brainstem. D is incorrect because sleepwalking occurs in non-REM sleep.

Question 4

Observing a subject who is in REM sleep,a researcher can conclude that the subject will exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Delta waves are actually associated with deep sleep stages, not REM sleep.

Question 5

Sleep paralysis that occurs just as we begin to wake up may produce bizarre episodes in which people may feel something pressing on their chests or think there are space aliens,angels,or demons in the room with them.This describes what is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Hypnopompic hallucinations are vivid, often frightening, hallucinations that occur just as a person is waking up. They often involve a sense of something unsettling or supernatural, such as an intruder in the room or a feeling of suffocation. These hallucinations can be associated with sleep paralysis, a temporary inability to move or speak that occurs during the transition between sleep and wakefulness.

Question 6

Carrie is extremely worried about her job.There are rumors of the company planning to downsize,and Carrie's boss has been fussing at everyone she encounters.With this situation,we can expect Carrie to be experiencing

Accepted Answer

The situation Carrie is in is emotionally stressful and worrying, which can lead to an increase in anxiety and restless sleep. The increased anxiety may cause Carrie to have more vivid dreams and spend more time in REM sleep, leading to an increase in the amount of REM sleep she experiences.

Question 7

Concerning REM sleep,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Dreams during REM sleep tend to be longer, clearer, more detailed, more bizarre, and more "dream-like" than thoughts and images than occur in NREM sleep. The other options are not true: A is false because people who are born blind do experience REM sleep, C is false because the majority of people report having vivid dreams during REM sleep, and D is false because REM sleep is not found in reptiles.

Question 8

Regarding REM sleep,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Physical exertion actually tends to decrease REM sleep, while mental exertion and stress can increase it.

Question 9

Daytime stress tends to increase __________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Daytime stress tends to increase __________ sleep.
...

Question 10

The disorder that is characterized by a failure of normal muscle paralysis,leading to violent actions during REM sleep,is called

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder is the disorder that is characterized by a failure of normal muscle paralysis during REM sleep, leading to violent actions such as kicking, punching, or jumping out of bed. Periodic limb movement syndrome and restless legs syndrome involve movements during non-REM sleep, and sleep terror disorder is characterized by episodes of intense fear and screaming during sleep, but not necessarily physical movements.

Question 11

Which of the following dramatically increases when there is a death in the family,trouble at work,a marital conflict,or other emotionally-charged events?

Accepted Answer

Emotional events increase the amount and intensity of REM sleep, which is associated with processing emotions and memories.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is characterized by irregular heart rate and blood pressure, rapid eye movements, and sexual arousal. However, it is also characterized by decreased voluntary muscle movement and muscle paralysis, which makes choice C incorrect.

Question 13

Concerning REM sleep,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. REM sleep is actually characterized by low-amplitude, fast, and regular brain waves, similar to the waking state, and is associated with muscle paralysis, rapid eye movements, and vivid dreams. Sleep spindles and delta waves are characteristic of non-REM sleep.

Question 14

A person in a sleep lab is showing emotional arousal,blood pressure changes,and sexual arousal,which all primarily occur during

Accepted Answer

Emotional arousal, blood pressure changes, and sexual arousal are all common during REM sleep. This stage of sleep is also known for an increase in brain activity and vivid dreaming. NREM sleep (B) is characterized by lessened brain activity and is divided into stages 1-3, none of which typically produce the described physiological responses. Delta sleep (C) is a type of deep sleep that occurs during stages 3-4 of NREM sleep, also unlikely to produce the described responses. Stage 4 sleep (D) is no longer recognized as a distinct sleep stage by most sleep experts.

Question 15

Barnard tells his therapist that upon awakening from sleep,he could not move or call out for help.As he struggled to move,he felt alien presences standing over him whispering.Within a few seconds,he is able to move and realizes that the frightening "whispering" was probably from his clock radio as it went off.However,this frightening episode has occurred several times this month.Barnard most likely experienced

Accepted Answer

Barnard most likely experienced hypnopompic hallucinations, which are hallucinations that occur upon awakening from sleep. These hallucinations can be vivid and frightening, often involving a feeling of paralysis and the sensation of unexplained presences in the room. The fact that Barnard was able to identify the source of the "whispering" as his clock radio suggests that this was not a true auditory hallucination, but rather a misperception or a mixing of external and internal stimuli.

Question 16

Regarding episodes that occur during sleep paralysis,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement that a person who experiences the hallucinations, bizarre suffocating, or "out-of-body" experiences while in sleep paralysis have a condition known as REM behavior disorder is false. Sleep paralysis is a separate phenomenon from REM behavior disorder.

Question 17

Carlos suffers from REM behavior disorder,which means that Carlos

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder is characterized by the lack of muscle paralysis during REM sleep, which allows the person to physically act out their dreams. This can potentially be dangerous, as the person may harm themselves or others during these episodes. Option A refers to the experience of vivid nightmares after a period of sleep deprivation, while option B is suggestive of sleep apnea. Option D describes narcolepsy, a condition where a person experiences sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks during the daytime.

Question 18

While dreaming,your roommate jumps up and thrashes around violently,acting out his dream.Your roommate is suffering from

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder is a condition where the muscles are not paralyzed during REM sleep, allowing the person to act out their dreams. This can result in violent movements and thrashing around during sleep. Restless legs syndrome is an uncomfortable sensation in the legs that causes an urge to move them, but does not involve acting out dreams. Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. Sleep apnea involves brief interruptions in breathing during sleep, and does not typically involve violent movements or acting out dreams.

Question 19

Regarding REM sleep,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

You do not usually dream as soon as you enter Stage 1 sleep, as this stage of sleep is very light and does not typically involve vivid dreaming. REM sleep, on the other hand, is associated with extensive dreaming.

Question 20

A very stressful day is likely to increase the amount of

Accepted Answer

A stressful day is likely to increase the amount of REM sleep. This is because during REM sleep, the brain processes emotional experiences and helps regulate emotional responses. Therefore, if the day was particularly stressful, the brain may need more REM sleep to process and regulate those emotions.

Quiz 5: A: States of Consciousness

During sleep,which of the following prevents you from acting out your dreams?

Which of the following occurs during REM sleep?

Observing a subject who is in REM sleep,a researcher can conclude that the subject will exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

Sleep paralysis that occurs just as we begin to wake up may produce bizarre episodes in which people may feel something pressing on their chests or think there are space aliens,angels,or demons in the room with them.This describes what is referred to as

Carrie is extremely worried about her job.There are rumors of the company planning to downsize,and Carrie's boss has been fussing at everyone she encounters.With this situation,we can expect Carrie to be experiencing

Concerning REM sleep,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Regarding REM sleep,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Daytime stress tends to increase __________ sleep.

The disorder that is characterized by a failure of normal muscle paralysis,leading to violent actions during REM sleep,is called

Which of the following dramatically increases when there is a death in the family,trouble at work,a marital conflict,or other emotionally-charged events?

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of REM sleep?

Concerning REM sleep,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A person in a sleep lab is showing emotional arousal,blood pressure changes,and sexual arousal,which all primarily occur during

Regarding episodes that occur during sleep paralysis,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Carlos suffers from REM behavior disorder,which means that Carlos

While dreaming,your roommate jumps up and thrashes around violently,acting out his dream.Your roommate is suffering from

Regarding REM sleep,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A very stressful day is likely to increase the amount of