Question 1

Which of the following statements about ADHD is false?

Accepted Answer

ADHD encompasses a range of behaviors and symptoms, and not all individuals with ADHD exhibit both hyperactivity and inattention. Some may primarily show signs of inattention, while others may be more hyperactive/impulsive, making this statement false.

Question 2

In comparison to children with ADHD-HI, children with the subtype ADHD-PI are at greater risk of ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children with ADHD-PI have a higher risk of developing anxiety and mood disorders compared to those with ADHD-HI. There is evidence to suggest that this is due to their difficulties with regulating their emotions, which can lead to feelings of frustration, low self-esteem, and depression. While children with ADHD-HI are also at risk of these mental health problems, the increased risk is particularly pronounced in those with the inattentive subtype.

Question 3

The brain damage theory of ADHD, which arose in the 1940s and 1950s, was discarded because ____.

Accepted Answer

The brain damage theory of ADHD was discarded because it could explain only a very small number of cases of ADHD.

Question 4

Which of the following is not true about ADHD-HI?

Accepted Answer

It is not true that children with ADHD-HI are often older than those with ADHD-C. Age is not a distinguishing factor between the subtypes of ADHD.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an additional criterion for a diagnosis of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

The current diagnostic criteria for ADHD require that symptoms must appear before the age of 12, which was updated from the previous criterion of symptoms appearing before age 7. Choices B, C, and D are accurate criteria for diagnosing ADHD, including the duration of symptoms, their presence in multiple settings, and their significant impact on social or academic performance.

Question 6

What might be the most difficult task for a child with ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Children with ADHD often struggle with sustained attention and can become easily distracted or bored, making it difficult for them to complete tasks that require a longer attention span, such as working on a sheet of math problems for 45 minutes. While the other options may also pose challenges for some children with ADHD, working on a task that requires sustained attention is likely to be the most difficult.

Question 7

Children with ADHD who are at increased risk for conduct or oppositional problems are those who exhibit ____.

Accepted Answer

Children with ADHD who exhibit behavioral impulsivity are more likely to engage in conduct or oppositional problems such as aggressive behavior, defiance, and rule-breaking. Cognitive impulsivity relates more to difficulty with decision-making and problem-solving but is not as strongly associated with conduct problems. Selective inattention and diminished attentional capacity may contribute to ADHD symptoms but are not specifically related to conduct or oppositional problems.

Question 8

In an early study, Sir Alexander Crichton described a syndrome that included early onset, restlessness, inattention, and poor school performance. Such individuals were described as having _______________.

Accepted Answer

Sir Alexander Crichton described individuals with symptoms of early onset, restlessness, inattention, and poor school performance as having "the fidgets."

Question 9

One of the first known published accounts of hyperactivity in children, published in 1845, referred to

Accepted Answer

The reference to "Fidgety Phil" is mentioned as one of the first known published accounts of hyperactivity in children.

Question 10

Which of the following is an additional criterion for a diagnosis of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

The additional criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD is that symptoms must produce significant impairments in the child's social or academic performance. A, B, and C are also criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD, but they are not additional criteria. They are the primary criteria.

Question 11

What is an example of cognitive impulsivity?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive impulsivity refers to hasty or rushed thinking, often leading to quick decisions without thorough consideration.

Question 12

When Jessica sits down to do her homework and study, she is easily distracted by the television in another room. Jessica demonstrates a deficit in ____.

Accepted Answer

Jessica's difficulty in ignoring the television while trying to focus on her homework is an example of a deficit in selective attention. Selective attention involves the ability to focus on one task or stimulus while ignoring others.

Question 13

The core attentional deficit in ADHD is believed by many to be ____.

Accepted Answer

The core attentional deficit in ADHD is most commonly believed to be sustained attention or vigilance. This refers to the difficulty individuals with ADHD have in maintaining focus on tasks over extended periods, especially when the tasks are perceived as boring or repetitive.

Question 14

Bradley has particular difficulty paying attention when he is tired or uninterested in the task at hand. Bradley demonstrates a deficit in ____.

Accepted Answer

Sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain focus and attention over a prolonged period of time. Bradley's difficulty paying attention when he is tired or uninterested suggests a deficit in sustained attention. Distractibility refers to the ease with which attention can be diverted from a task by irrelevant stimuli, which is not the issue in this scenario. Selective attention refers to the ability to attend to relevant stimuli and ignore irrelevant ones, which is also not the main issue here. Attentional capacity refers to the amount of information that can be processed at one time, which is also not the primary deficit in Bradley's case.

Question 15

Which of the following is another term for a deficit in selective attention?

Accepted Answer

Distractibility is another term for a deficit in selective attention. It refers to a person's inability to filter out irrelevant stimuli and instead focus on the task at hand. Impulsivity refers to acting without thinking, dual attention refers to the ability to multitask, and disorganization refers to a lack of structure or orderliness.

Question 16

Recently, the symptoms that have been emphasized as the central impairments of ADHD are ____.

Accepted Answer

Recent research on ADHD has emphasized the impairments in inhibition and self-regulation as the core symptoms, leading to classification of ADHD as a disorder of executive functions. Other symptoms such as inattention and hyperactivity are also present, but they have been shown to be secondary to the impairments in self-regulation.

Question 17

Virginia Douglas (1972) made the argument that ____.

Accepted Answer

Virginia Douglas argued that in addition to hyperactivity, inattention and deficits in impulse control are the primary symptoms of ADHD, which is still widely accepted in the field. Options A, C, and D are not accurate representations of her argument.

Question 18

Jeremy cannot remember a phone number without jotting it down. He demonstrates a deficit in ____.

Accepted Answer

Jeremy's difficulty in remembering a phone number without writing it down indicates a limitation in his attentional capacity, which refers to the amount of information one can process and hold in mind at any given moment.

Question 19

When is a child with ADHD likely to display more motor activity than other children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  When is a child with ADHD likely...

Question 20

Children who are at increased risk for problems in academic achievement are those who exhibit ____.

Accepted Answer

Children who exhibit both behavioral impulsivity (acting without thinking) and cognitive impulsivity (having difficulty with problem-solving and decision making) are at increased risk for problems in academic achievement. Selective inattention (problems with sustained attention) can also lead to academic difficulties, but it is not the only factor.

Quiz 8: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)