Question 1

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This is the term used to describe the number of chromosomes in a gamete.

Accepted Answer

Haploid refers to having a single set of chromosomes, such as in a gamete.

Answer: M
 The centromere is the part of a chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together.

Answer: O
 Diploid refers to having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Answer: A
 Adenine is one of the four nucleotide bases that make up DNA.

Answer: L
 Telomeres are the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten during cell division and aging.

Answer: P
 Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA.

Answer: J
 Exons are the portions of DNA that are translated into proteins.

Answer: B
 mRNA is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Answer: K
 Proteasomes are cellular complexes that break down and recycle damaged or unwanted proteins.

Answer: F
 Chaperone proteins help guide other proteins into their correct three-dimensional shape.

Answer: I
 Thymine is one of the four nucleotide bases that make up DNA.

Answer: G
 Tr is not a recognized term in molecular biology.

Answer: C
 Interon is not a recognized term in molecular biology.

Answer: E
 Uracil is one of the four nucleotide bases that make up RNA.

Answer: H
 tRNA is a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Answer: D
 RNAi (RNA interference) is a cellular process that regulates gene expression.

Question 2

Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description.
-chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell

Accepted Answer

During anaphase, the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 3

Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description.
-chromosomes elongate into chromatin form and spindle fibers disappear

Accepted Answer

During telophase, the chromosomes elongate into chromatin form and spindle fibers disappear as the nuclear envelope reforms and the cell prepares for cytokinesis.

Question 4

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-These parts of messenger RNA are removed and not sent to the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

Introns are the parts of messenger RNA (mRNA) that are removed during RNA processing before the mRNA is transported to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 5

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-These parts of the edited messenger RNA are sent to the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

Exons are the segments of mRNA that are coded for protein and are sent to the ribosome after the introns have been removed during RNA processing.

Question 6

Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description.
-chromosomes align along the equator of spindle fibers

Accepted Answer

During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the equator of the spindle fibers, also known as the metaphase plate.

Question 7

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition.
-process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process where DNA serves as a template for RNA synthesis, during which the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides.

Answer: A 
 mRNA (messenger RNA) is the RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis.

Answer: B 
 tRNA (transfer RNA) is the RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Answer: E 
 Translation is the process by which the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence to synthesize a protein.

Answer: D 
 RNAI is not a term related to protein synthesis.

Question 8

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This part of the chromosome is not replicated during DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

Telomeres are the regions at the ends of chromosomes that do not get fully replicated during DNA replication, leading to their progressive shortening with each cell division unless the enzyme telomerase extends them.

Question 9

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition.
-type of RNA that carries information in many groups of three nucleotides called codons,each of which codes for a specific amino acid

Accepted Answer

mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where they are used in protein synthesis.

Answer: B
 tRNA carries amino acids and reads the codons on the mRNA to add the appropriate amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain during translation.

Answer: C
 Transcription is the process by which DNA is used to synthesize mRNA.

Answer: D
 RNAi stands for RNA interference, a natural process that regulates gene expression by silencing or repressing specific mRNA molecules. It does not directly relate to protein synthesis.

Answer: E
 Translation is the process by which the information in mRNA is used to synthesize a specific sequence of amino acids to make a protein.

Question 10

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This structure holds two newly formed chromosomes together.

Accepted Answer

Answer: M
 The centromere is the structure that holds two newly formed chromosomes together during cell division.

I
Answer: I
 Thymine is one of the four nucleotide bases that make up DNA.

B
Answer: B 
 mRNA (messenger RNA) is a molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is used to synthesize proteins.

L
Answer: L 
 Telomeres are the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that help to prevent DNA degradation and maintain stability during cell division.

P
Answer: P 
 Transcription is the process by which DNA sequence information is copied into RNA, specifically mRNA, which can then be translated into proteins.

H
Answer: H 
 tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps to translate the genetic code within mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids during the process of protein synthesis.

A
Answer: A 
 Adenine is one of the four nucleotide bases that make up DNA and RNA.

N and O
Answer: N, O
 Haploid refers to a cell or organism that contains a single set of chromosomes, while diploid refers to a cell or organism that contains two sets of chromosomes.

Question 11

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This is the term used to describe the normal number of chromosomes in most body cells.

Accepted Answer

Diploid refers to having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, which is the normal chromosome number in most body cells.

Answer: I 
 Thymine is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA.

Answer: P 
 Transcription is the process of making RNA from DNA.

Answer: H 
 tRNA (transfer RNA) is the type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Answer: J 
 Exons are the segments of DNA that code for a portion of the final RNA molecule.

Answer: M 
 The centromere is the region of the chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together.

Answer: L 
 The telomere is the protective cap at the end of a chromosome.

Answer: N 
 Haploid refers to having only one set of chromosomes, as found in gametes.

Answer: F 
 Chaperone proteins help other proteins fold correctly.

Answer: K 
 Proteasomes are cellular structures that break down and recycle damaged proteins.

Answer: A 
 Adenine is one of the four nucleotide bases found in RNA and DNA.

Answer: D 
 RNAi (RNA interference) is a type of gene regulation mechanism involving small RNA molecules.

Answer: B 
 mRNA (messenger RNA) is the type of RNA that carries the information encoded in DNA and directs protein synthesis.

Answer: C 
 Interons are non-coding regions of DNA found within genes.

Question 12

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This nitrogen base is found only in DNA.

Accepted Answer

Thymine is the nitrogen base that is found only in DNA, distinguishing it from RNA, which uses uracil instead.

Question 13

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition.
-type of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a specific amino acid

Accepted Answer

tRNA has an anticodon and binds to a specific amino acid, allowing it to deliver the amino acid to the growing protein chain during translation. mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome during translation. Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA. RNAi is a type of RNA involved in gene regulation. Translation is the process of assembling amino acids into a protein chain according to the sequence of codons in mRNA.

Question 14

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This can properly refold an improperly folded protein.

Accepted Answer

Chaperone proteins can properly refold an improperly folded protein.

Answer: P
 Transcription is the process of making mRNA from DNA.

Answer: D
 RNAi is a process that regulates gene expression by degrading mRNA.

Answer: H
 tRNA is a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Answer: J
 Exons are the coding regions of genes that are translated into proteins.

Answer: K
 Proteasomes are cellular structures that degrade damaged or improperly folded proteins.

Answer: L
 Telomeres are the protective ends of chromosomes that shorten with age.

Answer: M
 Centromeres are the regions of chromosomes where spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Answer: O
 Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).

Answer: N
 Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes (e.g. gametes).

Answer: A
 Adenine is one of the four nucleotide bases that make up DNA and RNA.

Answer: E
 Uracil is one of the four nucleotide bases that make up RNA.

Answer: I
 Thymine is one of the four nucleotide bases that make up DNA.

Answer: C
 Interons are non-coding regions of genes that are transcribed but later removed from mRNA.

Question 15

Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description.
-phase in which chromosomes become visible

Accepted Answer

Prophase is the phase in which chromosomes become visible, as they condense and become visible under a microscope. During prophase, the nuclear membrane also breaks down and the spindle fibers begin to form. Anaphase is the phase in which the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers. Metaphase is the phase in which the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers. Telophase is the phase in which the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell prepares to divide into two daughter cells.

Question 16

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This nitrogen base is found in both RNA and DNA.

Accepted Answer

Adenine is a nitrogen base found in both RNA and DNA.

Question 17

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition.
-can inhibit the process of protein synthesis

Accepted Answer

RNAI (RNA interference) can bind to mRNA and prevent it from being translated into a protein, therefore inhibiting protein synthesis. A, B, C, and E are all involved in the process of protein synthesis, but do not directly inhibit it.

Question 18

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This nitrogen base is found only in RNA.

Accepted Answer

Uracil is the nitrogen base that is found only in RNA, replacing thymine which is found in DNA.

Question 19

Match the following terms with their definition or description.
-This can destroy an improperly folded protein before it can harm the cell.

Accepted Answer

Proteasomes can destroy improperly folded proteins before they can harm the cell.

Answer: P
 Transcription is the process by which genetic information in DNA is copied into mRNA.

Answer: F
 Chaperone proteins assist in the folding of other proteins to ensure proper structure and function.

Answer: D
 RNAi, or RNA interference, is a mechanism by which RNA molecules can regulate gene expression or inhibit viral replication.

Answer: H
 tRNA, or transfer RNA, is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Answer: J
 Exons are the coding regions of DNA that are transcribed and eventually translated into proteins.

Answer: M
 The centromere is the region of a chromosome where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Answer: L
 Telomeres are the protective ends of chromosomes that prevent them from deteriorating or fusing with other chromosomes.

Answer: O
 Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome, while haploid cells only have one copy.

Answer: A and E
 Adenine and uracil are nitrogenous bases found in RNA.

Question 20

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition.
-process that involves the movement of the mRNA with respect to the ribosome

Accepted Answer

Translation is the process in which the ribosome reads the mRNA and uses it as a template to assemble a sequence of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.

Answer: A
 mRNA is a type of RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis.

Answer: E
 During translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA in a process called translocation, which involves the movement of the mRNA with respect to the ribosome.

Answer: B
 tRNA is a type of RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation and helps to assemble the amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Answer: C
 Transcription is the process in which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a complementary RNA sequence, which is then used as a template for protein synthesis.

Quiz 5: Cell Growth and Reproduction

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This is the term used to describe the number of chromosomes in a gamete.

Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description. -chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell

Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description. -chromosomes elongate into chromatin form and spindle fibers disappear

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -These parts of messenger RNA are removed and not sent to the ribosome.

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -These parts of the edited messenger RNA are sent to the ribosome.

Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description. -chromosomes align along the equator of spindle fibers

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition. -process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This part of the chromosome is not replicated during DNA replication.

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition. -type of RNA that carries information in many groups of three nucleotides called codons,each of which codes for a specific amino acid

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This structure holds two newly formed chromosomes together.

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This is the term used to describe the normal number of chromosomes in most body cells.

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This nitrogen base is found only in DNA.

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition. -type of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a specific amino acid

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This can properly refold an improperly folded protein.

Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description. -phase in which chromosomes become visible

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This nitrogen base is found in both RNA and DNA.

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition. -can inhibit the process of protein synthesis

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This nitrogen base is found only in RNA.

Match the following terms with their definition or description. -This can destroy an improperly folded protein before it can harm the cell.

Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition. -process that involves the movement of the mRNA with respect to the ribosome