Question 1

When Bush called Iraq "evil" in the buildup to the invasion,he was making which common misperception?

Accepted Answer

By calling Iraq "evil," Bush was demonizing the enemy and framing the conflict as a battle between good and evil, rather than a complex geopolitical situation with multiple factors at play. This is a common misperception that can oversimplify the situation and lead to misjudgments and miscalculations.

Question 2

When two sides have clashing perceptions,at least one of them is misperceiving the other,and when that is the case,according to Bronfenbrenner (1961),"It is characteristic of such images that they are _______."

Accepted Answer

When two sides have clashing perceptions, they tend to reinforce their own perceptions and interpret the actions of the other party in a way that confirms their own beliefs. This is known as self-confirming bias, which is described by Bronfenbrenner (1961) as being characteristic of such images.

Question 3

Some noncapitalist cultures define justice not as equity but as

Accepted Answer

Some noncapitalist cultures may define justice as either equality or the fulfillment of a need, focusing on communal well-being rather than individual equity.

Question 4

One aspect of mirror-image perception is that one side tends to

Accepted Answer

The answer of One aspect of mirror-image perception is that...

Question 5

What does your text refer to as the "golden rule" of social justice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does your text refer to as...

Question 6

Which one of the following is NOT one of the seeds of misperception,according to your text?

Accepted Answer

The text does not identify reduced competition as a seed of misperception. Instead, it identifies self-serving bias, fundamental attribution error, and groupthink as seeds of misperception.

Question 7

The misperceptions of those who are in conflict with each other,such as two nations who regard each other with suspicion and hostility,are usually

Accepted Answer

Misperceptions in a conflict between two nations are usually mutual, meaning both sides have misunderstandings, biases, and prejudices towards each other. It is common for both sides to hold negative views of the other, leading to suspicion and hostility. Nonreciprocal and unilateral misperceptions imply that only one side has negative perceptions of the other, which may not be the case in a conflict. Inequitable misperceptions imply unfairness or injustice, which is not necessarily related to misperceptions in a conflict.

Question 8

In times of tension,such as during an international crisis,

Accepted Answer

During times of tension, emotions and fear can take over, leading to a desire for simple solutions and black-and-white thinking. This can lead to opposing views becoming more simplistic, as people seek to simplify complex issues and see their own side as morally superior.

Question 9

According to Staub and Bar-Tal (2003)all of the following are characteristics of a group in intractable conflict EXCEPT the group that

Accepted Answer

According to Staub and Bar-Tal, all of the following are characteristics of a group in intractable conflict: viewing its own goals as supremely important, believing itself to be victimized, taking pride in "us" and intensely devaluing "them." However, the group does not necessarily attribute similar characteristics to the other group, making option D the exception.

Question 10

Group conflicts are often fueled by an illusion that top leaders are _____ and their people are _____.

Accepted Answer

Group conflicts are often based on a perception that leaders or members of other groups are somehow "evil" or working against their own group's interests. This perception creates a sense of victimization or powerlessness, which can escalate conflicts. Therefore, the illusion that top leaders are evil and their people are good is not likely to be a source of conflict. However, if the perception is the other way around, with the groups viewing their own leaders as good and the other group's leaders as evil, this can fuel group conflicts.

Question 11

What do self-serving biases,group polarization,and negative stereotypes have in common?

Accepted Answer

Self-serving biases, group polarization, and negative stereotypes are all cognitive phenomena that can lead to misperceptions about individuals or groups. Self-serving biases are biases in favor of oneself that can lead to negative stereotypes about others. Group polarization is the tendency for individuals to adopt more extreme views when in a group, which can lead to negative stereotypes about individuals or groups who hold opposing views. Negative stereotypes are perceptions or attitudes toward individuals or groups that are based on incorrect or incomplete information, which can lead to misperceptions and negative judgments.

Question 12

Knowing that one's group has over-benefited can trigger

Accepted Answer

When one realizes that their group has over-benefited, it can lead to feelings of guilt because they may feel like they have taken advantage of others or resources that they were not entitled to. This can trigger the desire to make things right and strive for more equality.

Question 13

John believes that he is hardworking and his wife Rachel is lazy.Rachel believes that she is hardworking and John is lazy.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of mirror-image perception, where each person has a view of the other that is the mirror image of self-perception. John sees himself as hardworking and his wife as lazy, while Rachel sees herself as hardworking and John as lazy. This type of perception can create conflict and misunderstanding in relationships.

Question 14

In a study of executives who were asked to describe a recent conflict,Thomas and Pondy (1977)found that 12 percent described the opposing party as _______ and 74 percent perceived themselves as _______.

Accepted Answer

The study found that only 12 percent of executives described the opposing party as cooperative, while 74 percent perceived themselves as cooperative.

Question 15

The reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Mirror-image perceptions are the reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another, where each side sees the other as aggressive, immoral, and unwilling to listen. This perception is based on a presumption that the other side's motives and values are opposite to ours.

Question 16

Ralph White reviewed ten wars from the last century and reported that each was marked by at least one misperception.Which of the following was NOT on this list?

Accepted Answer

Overestimating the leaders' power was not specifically mentioned in Ralph White's list of misperceptions in wars.

Question 17

The Republic of Fredonia believes its long-time enemy,the Kingdom of Franistan,is aggressive,greedy,and impulsive.On the other hand,Franistan believes Fredonia is hostile,selfish,and unpredictable.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of mirror-image perceptions, where each side has a negative perception of the other, and those perceptions mirror each other. This can create a cycle of hostility and mistrust.

Question 18

Rodney and Ralph are twin brothers who each contributed $75 to purchase a new bicycle.Rodney rides it 75 percent of the time.This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

Rodney is benefiting more from the purchase than Ralph, despite both contributing equal amounts. This creates an inequitable relationship between the brothers.

Question 19

Which statement tends NOT to be true,related to misperceptions in conflict?

Accepted Answer

The statement "There are no issues related to 'bias blind spots'" tends not to be true, as bias blind spots are a common phenomenon in conflict where individuals may be unaware of their own biases and how they influence their perception of the other side. The other statements (A, B, and C) tend to be true, as misperceptions and biases often play a significant role in conflict escalation and resolution.

Question 20

Before they married,Melinda and Michael,who are both employed full time and collect the same pay,agreed to share equally in routine household tasks such as cleaning and grocery shopping.In reality,Melinda is now doing about 80 percent of the household work.This situation is an example of

Accepted Answer

This situation is an example of an inequitable relationship, as Melinda is doing a disproportionate amount of household work despite an initial agreement to share the tasks equally.

Quiz 13: Conflict and Peacemaking

When Bush called Iraq "evil" in the buildup to the invasion,he was making which common misperception?

When two sides have clashing perceptions,at least one of them is misperceiving the other,and when that is the case,according to Bronfenbrenner (1961) ,"It is characteristic of such images that they are _______."

Some noncapitalist cultures define justice not as equity but as

One aspect of mirror-image perception is that one side tends to

What does your text refer to as the "golden rule" of social justice?

Which one of the following is NOT one of the seeds of misperception,according to your text?

The misperceptions of those who are in conflict with each other,such as two nations who regard each other with suspicion and hostility,are usually

In times of tension,such as during an international crisis,

According to Staub and Bar-Tal (2003) all of the following are characteristics of a group in intractable conflict EXCEPT the group that

Group conflicts are often fueled by an illusion that top leaders are _ and their people are _.

What do self-serving biases,group polarization,and negative stereotypes have in common?

Knowing that one's group has over-benefited can trigger

John believes that he is hardworking and his wife Rachel is lazy.Rachel believes that she is hardworking and John is lazy.This is an example of

In a study of executives who were asked to describe a recent conflict,Thomas and Pondy (1977) found that 12 percent described the opposing party as _ and 74 percent perceived themselves as _.

The reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another are referred to as

Ralph White reviewed ten wars from the last century and reported that each was marked by at least one misperception.Which of the following was NOT on this list?

The Republic of Fredonia believes its long-time enemy,the Kingdom of Franistan,is aggressive,greedy,and impulsive.On the other hand,Franistan believes Fredonia is hostile,selfish,and unpredictable.This is an example of

Rodney and Ralph are twin brothers who each contributed $75 to purchase a new bicycle.Rodney rides it 75 percent of the time.This would be an example of

Which statement tends NOT to be true,related to misperceptions in conflict?

Before they married,Melinda and Michael,who are both employed full time and collect the same pay,agreed to share equally in routine household tasks such as cleaning and grocery shopping.In reality,Melinda is now doing about 80 percent of the household work.This situation is an example of

Quiz 13: Conflict and Peacemaking

When Bush called Iraq "evil" in the buildup to the invasion,he was making which common misperception?

When two sides have clashing perceptions,at least one of them is misperceiving the other,and when that is the case,according to Bronfenbrenner (1961) ,"It is characteristic of such images that they are _______."

Some noncapitalist cultures define justice not as equity but as

One aspect of mirror-image perception is that one side tends to

What does your text refer to as the "golden rule" of social justice?

Which one of the following is NOT one of the seeds of misperception,according to your text?

The misperceptions of those who are in conflict with each other,such as two nations who regard each other with suspicion and hostility,are usually

In times of tension,such as during an international crisis,

According to Staub and Bar-Tal (2003) all of the following are characteristics of a group in intractable conflict EXCEPT the group that

Group conflicts are often fueled by an illusion that top leaders are _____ and their people are _____.

What do self-serving biases,group polarization,and negative stereotypes have in common?

Knowing that one's group has over-benefited can trigger

John believes that he is hardworking and his wife Rachel is lazy.Rachel believes that she is hardworking and John is lazy.This is an example of

In a study of executives who were asked to describe a recent conflict,Thomas and Pondy (1977) found that 12 percent described the opposing party as _______ and 74 percent perceived themselves as _______.

The reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another are referred to as

Ralph White reviewed ten wars from the last century and reported that each was marked by at least one misperception.Which of the following was NOT on this list?

The Republic of Fredonia believes its long-time enemy,the Kingdom of Franistan,is aggressive,greedy,and impulsive.On the other hand,Franistan believes Fredonia is hostile,selfish,and unpredictable.This is an example of

Rodney and Ralph are twin brothers who each contributed $75 to purchase a new bicycle.Rodney rides it 75 percent of the time.This would be an example of

Which statement tends NOT to be true,related to misperceptions in conflict?

Before they married,Melinda and Michael,who are both employed full time and collect the same pay,agreed to share equally in routine household tasks such as cleaning and grocery shopping.In reality,Melinda is now doing about 80 percent of the household work.This situation is an example of

Group conflicts are often fueled by an illusion that top leaders are _ and their people are _.

In a study of executives who were asked to describe a recent conflict,Thomas and Pondy (1977) found that 12 percent described the opposing party as _ and 74 percent perceived themselves as _.