Question 1

Chance was getting ready to take a midterm exam, and he took an antihistamine drug that has caused his physiological arousal level to decrease to a fairly low level.Based on what is known about the link between arousal and performance, you should predict that Chance:

Accepted Answer

Research shows that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance, meaning that both very high and very low levels of arousal can negatively impact performance. With Chance's arousal level decreased to a fairly low level, it is likely that his performance on the exam will suffer slightly.

Question 2

Dr.Clark believes that muscles in the face deliver signals to the brain that are then interpreted as subjective emotional states.Dr.Clark's views are consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Dr. Clark's views align with the facial feedback hypothesis, which suggests that facial expressions play a crucial role in experiencing emotions. It proposes that changes in facial muscles and feedback from the face to the brain contribute to the experience and intensity of emotions.

Question 3

People who have been blind since birth:

Accepted Answer

People who have been blind since birth exhibit the same facial expressions as sighted people, indicating that these expressions are innate rather than learned visually.

Question 4

Gia has been feeling somewhat depressed for a few days.Her sister suggests that if Gia smiled a little more, she might not feel so depressed.This suggestion is consistent with:

Accepted Answer

The suggestion that if Gia smiled more, she might not feel so depressed is consistent with the facial feedback hypothesis, which states that changing facial expressions can influence our emotional experiences. By smiling more, Gia might be sending signals to her brain that she is happy, which could help improve her mood. The other theories listed (James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and two-factor) do not involve the idea of changing facial expressions to influence emotions.

Question 5

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that changing your facial expression can change the emotion that you are experiencing. This means that intentionally changing your facial expression to match a desired emotional state can actually cause you to experience that emotion.

Question 6

Researchers have found that as autonomic arousal increases from low levels to moderate levels:

Accepted Answer

As autonomic arousal increases from low levels to moderate levels, performance on tasks tends to improve. This is explained by the Yerkes-Dodson law, which posits that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, and moderate arousal can enhance performance on various tasks.

Question 7

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions actually help create the subjective experience of emotions. This means that the expression on our face can influence the emotional experience we have. For example, if we're smiling, we may actually feel happier.

Question 8

Increases in the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate during emotional arousal are associated with the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increases in the heart rate, blood pressure,...

Question 9

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that muscles in the face deliver signals to the brain that are then interpreted as subjective emotional states, meaning our facial expressions can influence our emotional experiences.

Question 10

Researchers have found that as autonomic arousal increases from moderate levels to very high levels:

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that as autonomic arousal increases from moderate levels to very high levels, performance on tasks tends to decrease. This is because very high levels of arousal can lead to anxiety and stress, which can interfere with cognitive functioning and make it more difficult to focus, plan, and make decisions.

Question 11

As part of a research study, Alexi had to hold his mouth in a frown for approximately 15 minutes.As Alexi leaves the experiment, he finds that he is feeling somewhat unhappy and upset, but he is not really sure why.This type of a reaction is consistent with:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that emotions are not only a result of physiological changes but also influenced by the facial expressions we make. Holding a frown for 15 minutes may have caused Alexi to feel unhappy and upset due to the facial feedback from his frown.

Question 12

Based on cross-cultural research in which people from different cultural backgrounds are shown pictures of facial expressions and asked to identify the emotion that is being expressed, researchers have now concluded that:

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research has demonstrated that people throughout the world use similar facial expressions to express emotions, suggesting that there may be some universality in human emotions and their expression. While there is still debate about how many basic emotions humans can experience, research has generally moved away from the idea of a set number of emotions, and instead focuses on the ways in which emotions can be categorized and understood. There is also evidence to suggest that emotional expressions have both biological and cultural components - while some expressions may be innate, others can be learned through observation and socialization. However, the overall pattern in cross-cultural research supports the idea that there is some universality to emotional expression across cultures.

Question 13

Kyle was posing for his girlfriend while she painted a picture for her art class.She asked him to hold his mouth in a frown because she was trying to depict someone who was sad and dejected.Now that he has finished posing, Kyle finds that he is feeling somewhat unhappy, but he is not really sure why.This type of reaction is consistent with:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotions. In this case, Kyle holding a frown for an extended period of time could have contributed to him feeling unhappy.

Question 14

The research into expressing and experiencing anger suggests that we often get angry at people we love because:

Accepted Answer

We often get angry at people we love because we expect more from them, and this increases the chances of our expectations being violated. When we care about someone, we tend to have higher expectations of them and are more emotionally invested in their behavior. Therefore, when they do not meet our expectations, we can feel frustrated, disappointed, and angry.

Question 15

Moira and Ardon have been working for the same accounting firm for the past 8 years.Moira expects to be offered a partnership when the firm has its next year-end meeting.Ardon does not expect that he will be offered a partnership.At the annual meeting, the managing partners announce that no new partnership is being offered.Based on the psychological research into anger, you should predict that:

Accepted Answer

According to research on anger, individuals are more likely to experience anger when their expectations are violated. Moira had the expectation of being offered a partnership, while Ardon did not expect to be offered one. Therefore, Moira is more likely to experience anger at the announcement than Ardon. Option A is incorrect because gender is irrelevant in this scenario, and option B is incorrect because Moira had the expectation of being offered a partnership while Ardon did not. Option C is also incorrect as sadness and disappointment are different emotions than anger.

Question 16

A rare disorder involving the facial nerves leaves the face expressionless.According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people with this disorder should:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that feedback from facial expressions can influence emotional experiences. Therefore, individuals with a disorder that leaves their face expressionless would have reduced feedback, resulting in reduced emotional experiences. Option A is incorrect because recognizing facial expressions does not necessarily require feedback from one's own face. Option B is incorrect because the cognitive interpretation would still be necessary for the individual to label their emotion. Option D is incorrect because social comparison effects are not directly related to the facial feedback hypothesis.

Question 17

Mara was getting ready to take a midterm exam, and she took an antihistamine drug that has caused her physiological arousal level to increase to a moderate level.Based on what is known about the link between arousal and performance, you should predict that Mara:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that moderate levels of physiological arousal (such as the increase caused by the antihistamine drug) can enhance performance on tasks that involve attention and memory. Therefore, it is likely that Mara will do slightly better on the exam because of the increase in her level of arousal.

Question 18

Babies show a wide range of emotional expressions, and emotional facial expressions are identified across cultures.These data support the idea that:

Accepted Answer

The fact that babies show a wide range of emotional expressions and that these expressions can be identified across cultures suggests that there is a biological or genetic component to the expression of emotion. This supports choice B. It does not necessarily support any of the other choices.

Question 19

One piece of evidence that suggests the expression of emotion may have a biological or genetic origin is the finding that:

Accepted Answer

The fact that there is universal recognition of emotions from facial expressions suggests that the ability to express and decode emotions may be biologically or genetically determined. This recognition is not limited to a specific culture or language and is observed even in remote, isolated societies.

Question 20

Chandra was getting ready to take a midterm exam, and she took an antihistamine drug that has caused her physiological arousal level to increase to a very high level.Based on what is known about the link between arousal and performance, you should predict that Chandra will:

Accepted Answer

High levels of arousal can impair performance on complex tasks, such as exams, due to increased anxiety and difficulty concentrating.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion

Chance was getting ready to take a midterm exam, and he took an antihistamine drug that has caused his physiological arousal level to decrease to a fairly low level.Based on what is known about the link between arousal and performance, you should predict that Chance:

Dr.Clark believes that muscles in the face deliver signals to the brain that are then interpreted as subjective emotional states.Dr.Clark's views are consistent with:

People who have been blind since birth:

Gia has been feeling somewhat depressed for a few days.Her sister suggests that if Gia smiled a little more, she might not feel so depressed.This suggestion is consistent with:

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that:

Researchers have found that as autonomic arousal increases from low levels to moderate levels:

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that:

Increases in the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate during emotional arousal are associated with the:

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that:

Researchers have found that as autonomic arousal increases from moderate levels to very high levels:

As part of a research study, Alexi had to hold his mouth in a frown for approximately 15 minutes.As Alexi leaves the experiment, he finds that he is feeling somewhat unhappy and upset, but he is not really sure why.This type of a reaction is consistent with:

Based on cross-cultural research in which people from different cultural backgrounds are shown pictures of facial expressions and asked to identify the emotion that is being expressed, researchers have now concluded that:

The research into expressing and experiencing anger suggests that we often get angry at people we love because:

A rare disorder involving the facial nerves leaves the face expressionless.According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people with this disorder should:

Mara was getting ready to take a midterm exam, and she took an antihistamine drug that has caused her physiological arousal level to increase to a moderate level.Based on what is known about the link between arousal and performance, you should predict that Mara:

Babies show a wide range of emotional expressions, and emotional facial expressions are identified across cultures.These data support the idea that:

One piece of evidence that suggests the expression of emotion may have a biological or genetic origin is the finding that:

Chandra was getting ready to take a midterm exam, and she took an antihistamine drug that has caused her physiological arousal level to increase to a very high level.Based on what is known about the link between arousal and performance, you should predict that Chandra will: