Question 1

Worldwide,__________ percent of deaths of children under age 5 are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Worldwide,__________ percent of deaths of children under...

Question 2

The leading cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations is __________.

Accepted Answer

Unintentional injuries, such as car accidents and drowning, are the leading cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations. While malnutrition, diarrhea, and childhood diseases can still be significant issues, they are less likely to result in death in these nations due to access to medical care and preventative measures.

Question 3

Jenny is considering choosing not to immunize her newborn son due to a suggested link between a mercury-based preservative used in vaccines and autism.Jenny should know that large-scale studies show __________ association with autism and __________ effects on cognitive performance.

Accepted Answer

Large-scale studies have consistently found no association between the mercury-based preservative in vaccines and autism, and no consistent negative effects on cognitive performance. Choosing not to immunize her son based on this suggested link is not supported by the scientific evidence.

Question 4

Which statement about unintentional injuries in childhood is true?

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have found that boys are more likely than girls to suffer severe unintentional injuries, such as those involving vehicles, drowning, and firearms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). Choice A is incorrect, as boys have higher rates of injury overall. Choice B is not supported by research and is likely a misconception. Choice D is also incorrect, as low-SES children have higher rates of injury due to factors such as inadequate housing and lack of access to preventative healthcare (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2019).

Question 5

Which statement is supported by research on nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that offering sweet fruit drinks or soft drinks to children can lead to "milk avoidance" and decreased intake of calcium, which is important for child development. Therefore, it is recommended to limit fruit juice and sweetened beverages and encourage children to drink milk instead. Choices A and B are not supported by research on nutrition, and choice C goes against the principles of promoting a healthy relationship with food and avoiding using food as a reward or punishment.

Question 6

By the school years,__________ U.S.children are,on average,½ to 1 inch shorter than their __________ counterparts.

Accepted Answer

Low-SES (socioeconomic status) children are, on average, shorter than their economically advantaged counterparts due to factors like nutrition, health care access, and living conditions that can affect growth.

Question 7

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release __________,which is necessary for brain development and for growth hormone (GH)to have its full impact on body size.

Accepted Answer

TSH prompts the release of thyroxine, also known as T4, from the thyroid gland.

Question 8

What is one reason the United States lags behind Australia,Canada,Denmark,the Netherlands,Norway,Sweden,and the United Kingdom in immunizations?

Accepted Answer

Many low-income U.S. families do not have adequate health insurance coverage, which makes it difficult for them to access and afford immunizations. In countries like Australia, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, universal healthcare systems ensure that everyone, regardless of income, has access to necessary vaccinations. The lack of such a system in the United States contributes to lower immunization rates.

Question 9

__________ are strongly associated with childhood injury.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that children from low-income families, single-parent households, and those with less-educated parents are at a higher risk for childhood injuries. These risk factors are often associated with increased environmental hazards, lack of supervision, and inadequate resources for safety measures. While authoritative parenting and participation in child care may have some impact on reducing childhood injury, they are not as strongly associated as the socioeconomic factors mentioned in option B. Family size, rural living, wealth, sociability, and secure parental attachment may play some role in injury prevention, but they have not been consistently linked to childhood injury in research.

Question 10

Many poverty-stricken U.S.children __________.

Accepted Answer

Many poverty-stricken U.S. children do not receive full immunization protection until it is required for school entry. This is because they may lack access to healthcare and vaccinations or their parents may not have the means to take them to regular doctor's appointments.

Question 11

Low-cost supplements of __________ substantially reduce the incidence of severe and prolonged diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have shown that low-cost supplements of zinc can significantly reduce the incidence of severe and prolonged diarrhea in children under the age of five. Iron, folic acid, and vitamin D supplementation have not been found to have the same effect on diarrhea.

Question 12

Most developmental impairments and deaths due to diarrhea can be prevented with oral rehydration therapy (ORT),which consists of __________.

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a simple and effective solution of glucose, salt, and water that helps replenish lost fluids and electrolytes in individuals suffering from diarrhea. Iron supplements and antiviral drugs are not effective in treating diarrhea, while immunization can help prevent certain types of diarrhea but does not treat the condition once it has developed.

Question 13

In industrialized nations,childhood diseases have declined dramatically during the past half-century,largely as a result of __________.

Accepted Answer

Widespread immunization of infants and young children has been a major factor in the decline of childhood diseases in industrialized nations.

Question 14

Agata suffered from persistent diarrhea in early childhood.As a result,during her school years,Agata is probably __________ than her agemates who were not stricken with persistent diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

Persistent diarrhea in early childhood can lead to malnutrition and stunted growth, so Agata is likely to be shorter in height than her agemates who did not experience persistent diarrhea.

Question 15

In the United States,__________ is/are the leading cause of death among school-age children and adolescents.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death among school-age children and adolescents in the United States.

Question 16

In a Dutch study,mothers who pressured their child to eat __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a Dutch study,mothers who pressured their...

Question 17

With the transition to early childhood,many children __________.

Accepted Answer

During the transition to early childhood, many children become more selective and picky eaters, making it difficult for parents and caregivers to ensure that they are consuming a healthy and balanced diet. This can often result in mealtime battles and frustration. Additionally, some children may experience growth spurts which can affect their appetite and food preferences. However, it is not accurate to say that they need larger quantities of food than adults require, nor do they necessarily require different nutrients than adults for a healthy diet.

Question 18

Four-year-old Erin is a picky eater.How can Erin's parents encourage her to eat a new food?

Accepted Answer

Repeated exposure to a new food without pressure to eat it is a recommended strategy for picky eaters. It may take several attempts before a child is willing to try a new food, but eventually they may become more comfortable with it. Rewarding with dessert (A) or adding salt or sugar (C) can lead to an unhealthy relationship with food and reinforce picky eating behavior. Making a child stay at the table until they take a few bites (D) can create negative associations with mealtime and cause undue stress for both the child and caregiver.

Question 19

In developing countries,widespread __________ leads to growth stunting and an estimated 1 million childhood deaths each year.

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea is a major health issue in developing countries due to poor sanitation and lack of access to clean water. It can lead to dehydration and malnutrition, which in turn can cause growth stunting and weaken the immune system, making children more susceptible to other illnesses. Diarrhea is estimated to cause 1 million childhood deaths annually. AIDS, measles, and malaria also contribute to childhood mortality in developing countries, but diarrhea is the most widespread and directly linked to malnutrition and stunted growth.

Question 20

Priya was born with a deficiency of thyroxine.She did not receive prompt treatment.Priya is most likely __________.

Accepted Answer

A deficiency of thyroxine can lead to intellectual disability if not treated promptly.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Worldwide, percent of deaths of children under age 5 are .