Question 1

Longitudinal evidence on peer sociability indicates that __________.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal evidence suggests that all four types of play (solitary, parallel, associative, and cooperative) coexist in early childhood.

Question 2

__________ contributes to preschoolers' improved emotional self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

Language development plays a crucial role in improving preschoolers' emotional self-regulation. Children who have a developed vocabulary, higher language proficiency, and the ability to express themselves are better equipped to handle their emotions, communicate their needs effectively, and regulate their behavior.

Question 3

Poor emotional regulators __________ often display __________.

Accepted Answer

Poor emotional regulators are less able to manage their emotions effectively, and thus, they are more likely to display negative emotional expressions and engage in negative coping behaviors. This would make them less likely to engage in prosocial behavior, such as helping others.

Question 4

According to Mildred Parten,two forms of true social interaction are __________ and __________ play.

Accepted Answer

Mildred Parten identified five stages of play in children, and according to her, two forms of true social interaction are associative and cooperative play. Associative play refers to children engaging in similar activities near each other, while cooperative play involves children working together in a coordinated and organized way towards a common goal. Therefore, choice D is the best answer.

Question 5

Three-year-old Noah is afraid of ghosts.What can Noah's parents do to help him manage his fear?

Accepted Answer

Installing a night-light and sitting by Noah's bed until he falls asleep can provide him with a sense of safety and comfort. This helps alleviate his fears of ghosts. Increasing his exposure to stories and nonfictional TV programs about ghosts can actually reinforce his fear and make it worse. While explaining to him that ghosts are not real may be helpful, it is important to validate his feelings and provide him with tangible coping strategies such as the night-light and parental presence.

Question 6

In associative play,__________.

Accepted Answer

In associative play, children play separately but are involved with each other by exchanging toys and commenting on each other's behavior, indicating a form of social interaction without a shared goal.

Question 7

Four-year-old Simka is sociable and good at regulating her emotions.She is likely to __________ when she sees others in distress.

Accepted Answer

Four-year-old Simka is sociable and good at regulating her emotions, which makes her likely to help, share, and comfort others when she sees them in distress. Children who have these positive qualities are more likely to exhibit prosocial behaviors, such as showing empathy and helping others in need. Simka's ability to regulate her emotions also means that she is less likely to experience personal distress when encountering others in distress, allowing her to focus on helping others instead of being overwhelmed by her own emotions.

Question 8

As their self-concepts develop,preschoolers become __________.

Accepted Answer

As preschoolers' self-concepts develop, they become more sensitive to praise or the possibility of such feedback. This is because they are starting to understand their own abilities and accomplishments, and positive feedback reinforces their positive self-concept. They may also become more aware of potential negative feedback, but this does not necessarily mean they are less sensitive to blame, as negative feedback can have a strong impact on their self-esteem. They may also experience self-conscious emotions such as embarrassment or pride, but this does not necessarily relate to intense shame after success.

Question 9

Two-year-old Truman goes to the park with his father.He stands by a bench where his father is sitting and watches two children run.Truman is engaged in __________.

Accepted Answer

Truman is engaged in nonsocial activity because he is watching other children play without interacting with them or joining in their play. This type of behavior is typical for very young children who are observing their environment and others around them without direct interaction.

Question 10

Which statement about peer sociability is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the amount of solitary and parallel play often remains stable during early childhood, but the type of play within those categories changes. For example, a child may engage in more complex forms of solitary play such as make-believe play as they get older, or they may shift from parallel play without interaction to parallel play with interaction.

Question 11

Four children in LaShonda's preschool class act out a make-believe theme in the dramatic play interest area.They are engaging in __________.

Accepted Answer

Cooperative play involves children interacting and working together towards a common goal or theme. In this scenario, the children are acting out a make-believe theme together, indicating that they are engaged in cooperative play.

Question 12

When 4-year-old Katherine throws a beanbag,her dad comments,"You stood still as you were throwing.Now try taking a step toward me as you throw." Assuming Katherine's dad regularly gives this sort of feedback,Katherine is likely to experience __________.

Accepted Answer

Regular feedback that includes moderate levels of shame and pride (rather than extreme) can help children develop a healthy sense of self-esteem and motivation to persist on difficult tasks. By receiving feedback that acknowledges both successes and areas for improvement, children like Katherine are more likely to feel motivated to try again and continue learning.

Question 13

Perhaps because __________ play is inconsistent with the "masculine" gender role,boys who engage in it are at risk for negative reactions from both parents and peers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Perhaps because __________ play is inconsistent with...

Question 14

Empathy __________.

Accepted Answer

Empathy can motivate individuals to engage in behaviors that benefit others, such as offering comfort or assistance. However, it does not always guarantee acts of kindness and helpfulness, as personal factors such as barriers to helping or competing priorities may come into play. Empathy can be demonstrated at various ages, including both toddlerhood and the preschool years. While experiencing sadness or distress for another's pain is one potential response to empathy, it is not the only possible emotion that may arise.

Question 15

Three-year-old D'Arcy has parents who encourage emotional expressiveness and show empathetic concern for her feelings.When another child is unhappy,D'Arcy is likely to respond with __________.

Accepted Answer

D'Arcy's parents encourage emotional expressiveness and show empathetic concern for her own feelings. This will likely lead D'Arcy to develop empathy and respond to another child's unhappiness with similar concern and compassion.

Question 16

Larissa,age 3,often plays alone.Her parents should be concerned if she __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Larissa,age 3,often plays alone.Her parents should be...

Question 17

Four-year-old Valentina has an intense fear of dogs.Her fear has persisted for as long as her parents can remember,and they have not been able to reduce it in any way.Lately,she is refusing to go outside because she might see a dog.Valentina's fear __________.

Accepted Answer

Valentina's fear has persisted for a long time and is interfering with her daily life, which indicates that it has reached the level of a phobia.

Question 18

Among Western children,when guilt occurs in appropriate circumstances and is not excessive or accompanied by shame,it is related to __________.

Accepted Answer

According to research, when guilt occurs in appropriate circumstances and is not excessive or accompanied by shame, it is related to good adjustment in Western children. It is important to note that excessive and shame-prone guilt can be related to problems such as anxiety and depression. However, in the appropriate amount and circumstances, guilt can help children develop a sense of responsibility and empathy towards others. Therefore, option D - good adjustment - is the best choice.

Question 19

Four-year-old Harry suffers from physical abuse at home.When his playmates at the child-care center become distressed,Harry probably __________.

Accepted Answer

Harry is likely to withdraw due to the trauma he is experiencing at home.

Question 20

Four-year-old Honesty covers her eyes to block out scary sights and covers her ears when sounds are too loud.When she is excluded from a game,she changes her goals and decides that she does not want to play anyway.As she uses these strategies,Honesty's __________ will decline.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Four-year-old Honesty covers her eyes to block...

Quiz 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood