Question 1

Organizations make charitable contributions to fulfill corporate social responsibilities.

Accepted Answer

Organizations often make charitable contributions as a way to give back to the community and fulfill their corporate social responsibilities.

Question 2

The rational decision-making model contains a number of assumptions.List and explain six assumptions of the model.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Ryan is faced with a decision in which the best outcome for him is not best outcome for the organization.This means that Ryan is facing ethical considerations in his decision making.

Accepted Answer

When the best outcome for an individual is not aligned with the best outcome for the organization, it creates an ethical dilemma. It becomes crucial for individuals to make morally sound decisions, keeping in mind the interests of both themselves and the organization.

Question 4

Critics of business decision makers argue that the utilitarian models ought to change because these models ignore the rights of individuals, particularly those with minority representation in the organization.

Accepted Answer

Critics argue that the utilitarian models do not take into account the rights of individuals, especially those who are part of minority groups within the organization.

Question 5

Corporate social responsibility is the act of considering the impact of organizational decisions on society.

Accepted Answer

Corporate social responsibility involves taking into account the effects of business practices on the community, environment, and stakeholders, beyond profit maximization. This includes ethical considerations and philanthropic actions to benefit society.

Question 6

Explain and give an example of the following three judgment shortcuts as they impact decision making; overconfidence bias, anchoring bias, confirmation bias.

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Question 7

Providing better wages to employees working in offshore factories is an example of corporate social responsibility.

Accepted Answer

Providing better wages to employees working in offshore factories is a way of promoting fair labor practices and improving the quality of life for workers. This is an example of a company taking responsibility for the social impact of its actions and doing what is right, rather than simply focusing on profit.

Question 8

List and explain the six steps of the rational decision-making model.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Identify and explain each of the six symptoms of the groupthink phenomena.

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Question 10

Ethical standards are less ambiguous in Asia than in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Ethical standards can vary greatly depending on cultural and societal norms, and Asia is a vast and diverse continent with many different countries and cultures. The idea that ethical standards are less ambiguous in Asia than in the United States is a broad and oversimplified statement that does not accurately reflect the complexity of ethical decision-making in any region.

Question 11

What is considered unethical in one country may be considered ethical in another culture.

Accepted Answer

Ethics vary between cultures and what is acceptable behavior in one culture may be frowned upon in another. For example, bribery may be considered unethical in Western cultures, but it is a common practice in some parts of the world. Similarly, the treatment of women or animals may be seen as unethical in some cultures but may be acceptable in others. It is important for individuals to understand and respect the cultural norms and values of the countries in which they work or conduct business.

Question 12

Unions tend to favour the justice criterion as it justifies equal pay for a given job regardless of performance and such factors as using seniority in making decisions.

Accepted Answer

Unions often advocate for equal pay for equal work and use seniority as a basis for decisions to ensure fairness and protect workers' rights, aligning with the justice criterion.

Question 13

Using the ethical criteria of utilitarianism in decision making might mean overlooking the rights of individuals.

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the overall happiness and well-being of society, which can sometimes mean that the needs or rights of individuals are overlooked if it benefits the greater good. For example, if a government decides to implement a policy that benefits the majority of people but harms a minority group, utilitarianism would approve of that decision because it promotes the overall happiness of society.

Question 14

Morals and ethics are the same thing.

Accepted Answer

Although often used interchangeably, morals refer to an individual's personal beliefs about right and wrong behavior, while ethics are a set of societal or professional standards for behavior.

Question 15

Identify and describe the three stages of moral development.

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Question 16

Identify and discuss four organizational factors that affect creativity.Use examples to illustrate your discussion.

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Quiz 12: Decision Making, Creativity, and Ethics