Question 1

Maturationists see the development of proper behavior as an adult-directed process.

Accepted Answer

Maturationists believe that development is a natural process that unfolds automatically and is primarily driven by internal factors, rather than being directed by adults.

Question 2

The constructivist view assumes that the external environment alone determines a child'sdevelopment of personality and intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The constructivist view asserts that children actively construct their own knowledge and understanding of the world through interactions with their environment rather than being solely determined by external factors.

Question 3

Child care and guidance practices have not changed dramatically through the years.

Accepted Answer

Child care and guidance practices have evolved over time, influenced by changes in society, research, and new understandings of child development. For example, we now recognize the importance of early childhood education, positive discipline techniques, and age-appropriate expectations for children.

Question 4

Mindless habits a child really wants to change can probably be treated quickly and effectivelythrough constructivist strategies.

Accepted Answer

Constructivist strategies focus on learning through experience and reflection, emphasizing understanding and constructing knowledge rather than quick behavior modification, which might be required for changing mindless habits.

Question 5

Children can learn how to function in a democracy by developing the necessary skills, such asconcepts of citizenship, self-reliance, appropriate work habits, and ability to cooperate inteamwork.

Accepted Answer

Developing skills such as concepts of citizenship, self-reliance, appropriate work habits, and ability to cooperate in teamwork can help children learn how to function in a democracy.

Question 6

In his social constructivist view, Alfred Adler proposed that human beings​

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that individuals are capable of living together peacefully and cooperatively rather than competitively. He emphasized the importance of social interest, or a concern for the welfare of others and the community as a whole, and believed that developing this quality could lead to a more harmonious society. He did not see individuals as passive victims of their environment or genetics, nor did he view their behavior as driven solely by ego or self-gratification.

Question 7

Jean Piaget's theory held that children's mental processes​

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget's theory held that children's mental processes develop in predetermined stages of growth, enabling children to progressively construct their own knowledge. He also believed that the thinking of children is qualitatively different from the thinking of adults. Therefore, all of these statements are true regarding his theory.

Question 8

The maturationists are​

Accepted Answer

The maturationists believe that internal factors such as genetics and inherited traits play a significant role in shaping an individual's psychological makeup. They do not put as much emphasis on external environmental factors as other schools of thought might.

Question 9

A society in which people freely follow their own individual desires and interests is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

Anarchy refers to a society without a governing body or authority, where individuals have the freedom to follow their own desires and interests.

Question 10

If interactions in the environment are too difficult, children become frustrated and discouraged.

Accepted Answer

If interactions in the environment are too difficult, children can become frustrated and discouraged. This can lead to a decrease in motivation and willingness to engage in learning and social activities. It is important to provide an appropriate level of challenge and support to help children develop and grow.

Question 11

Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda​

Accepted Answer

Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda refined Carl Rogers's theories about interpersonal interactions into practical, hands-on techniques beneficial to therapists and educators.

Question 12

Carl Rogers's theory of personality was based on​

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers's theory of personality was based on his work as a clinical psychologist and his deep respect for the dignity of all human beings. He believed in a person-centered approach to therapy, where the therapist provides unconditional positive regard and empathetic understanding to help the client achieve personal growth and self-actualization. This approach is based on the belief that individuals have the capacity for self-understanding and self-directed change. Rogers rejected the idea that external rewards or punishment could shape behavior or that individuals needed to be controlled by authority figures.

Question 13

Piaget believed that​

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that children actively construct their own understanding of the world through exploration and interaction with their environment. He emphasized that learning is not just a passive absorption of information, but an active process of constructing meaning. Piaget also emphasized the importance of cognitive development in early childhood, rather than later formal education.

Question 14

The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community areessential to​

Accepted Answer

The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community are essential to democracy, which values the rights of individuals and the functioning of a cohesive community. Absence of any form of control, chaos, and disorder (A) is not desirable in a functional society. Autocracy (B) and control by a single person having unlimited power (C) contradicts the principles of social equality and respect for the individual. Anarchy (E) lacks a cohesive community and is not a viable form of governance.

Question 15

Developmentally appropriate practice revolves around the basic assumption that earlydevelopment results from the interaction between children's inner capacity and motivation andtheir external environment.

Accepted Answer

Developmentally appropriate practice is based on the idea that child development is a result of both nature and nurture, with children's inner qualities interacting with their external environment in shaping their growth and learning. This perspective informs a variety of key principles in early childhood education, such as providing age-appropriate experiences, building on children's interests and strengths, supporting social and emotional development, and adapting teaching practices to meet individual needs.

Question 16

Settings where children live, work, and play function as their small version of society.

Accepted Answer

Settings where children live, work, and play, such as homes, schools, and playgrounds, are microcosms of society and shape children's understanding of social norms, values, and behaviors.

Question 17

Maturationists perceive that learning comes from​

Accepted Answer

Maturationists believe that learning comes from a combination of maturation and environment. While they acknowledge the importance of environmental factors such as teaching and parenting, they argue that a child's innate biological development and readiness to learn plays a significant role in their ability to learn and understand new concepts. Maturationists reject the idea that learning is entirely dependent on external factors or simply an accumulation of experiences.

Question 18

The zone of proximal development is​

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Lev Vygotsky that refers to the difference between a learner's current level of knowledge or skills and their potential abilities with the guidance and assistance of a more knowledgeable other. It is an area of potential learning where children can receive support and scaffolding to reach higher levels of understanding or competence.

Question 19

Vygotsky's theory of development​

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory of development emphasizes the importance of social interactions and cultural context in children's learning, which is different from Piaget's emphasis on children's active construction of knowledge through their interactions with the environment. Vygotsky also highlights the role of dialogues and cultural values in children's learning, and argues that all human activities are shaped by their cultural settings. Therefore, all of the choices describe key aspects of Vygotsky's theory, and E is the best answer.

Question 20

Adults rarely have difficulty changing old habit patterns in dealing with children once they knowthe habits are unproductive.

Accepted Answer

While it is possible for adults to change old habits, it is not always easy to do so. Many people struggle to make changes to their behavior and may require consistent effort and support to make lasting improvements. Additionally, some adults may be resistant to changing their approach to working with children, especially if they have long-standing beliefs or attitudes about child rearing.

Quiz 2: Historical Perspectives and Guidance Theories

Maturationists see the development of proper behavior as an adult-directed process.

The constructivist view assumes that the external environment alone determines a child'sdevelopment of personality and intelligence.

Child care and guidance practices have not changed dramatically through the years.

Mindless habits a child really wants to change can probably be treated quickly and effectivelythrough constructivist strategies.

Children can learn how to function in a democracy by developing the necessary skills, such asconcepts of citizenship, self-reliance, appropriate work habits, and ability to cooperate inteamwork.

In his social constructivist view, Alfred Adler proposed that human beings​

Jean Piaget's theory held that children's mental processes​

The maturationists are​

A society in which people freely follow their own individual desires and interests is called a(n)

If interactions in the environment are too difficult, children become frustrated and discouraged.

Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda​

Carl Rogers's theory of personality was based on​

Piaget believed that​

The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community areessential to​

Developmentally appropriate practice revolves around the basic assumption that earlydevelopment results from the interaction between children's inner capacity and motivation andtheir external environment.

Settings where children live, work, and play function as their small version of society.

Maturationists perceive that learning comes from​

The zone of proximal development is​

Vygotsky's theory of development​

Adults rarely have difficulty changing old habit patterns in dealing with children once they knowthe habits are unproductive.

In his social constructivist view, Alfred Adler proposed that human beings

Jean Piaget's theory held that children's mental processes

The maturationists are

Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda

Carl Rogers's theory of personality was based on

Piaget believed that

The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a cohesive community areessential to

Maturationists perceive that learning comes from

The zone of proximal development is

Vygotsky's theory of development