Question 1

Which of these is NOT one of the three main factors affecting the child's mastery of motivation/achievement?

Accepted Answer

An entity view of ability, which suggests that intelligence and talent are fixed traits, is not considered one of the three main factors affecting a child's mastery of motivation/achievement. Instead, factors like authoritative parenting, a stimulating environment, and secure attachment are more directly influential.

Question 2

Children from stimulating homes develop

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children from stimulating homes develop an intrinsic orientation to achievement, meaning they are motivated to achieve for the sake of learning or personal growth rather than external rewards such as grades or praise. This is due to the fact that their experiences have taught them that the process of learning itself is rewarding and pleasurable.

Question 3

Robert White asserted that people of all ages are motivated intrinsically to

Accepted Answer

Robert White suggested that people have an innate desire to master their environment and its challenges, which is a form of intrinsic motivation. This drive may manifest in different ways depending on a person's age, but it is still a fundamental aspect of human motivation. Choices A, B, and C do not align with White's theory.

Question 4

While over 60 percent of children from stimulating homes perform well in school, the percentage of children from unstimulating environments who do POORLY is approximately ____ percent.

Accepted Answer

The question implies that children from unstimulating environments are more likely to perform poorly in school compared to those from stimulating homes. If over 60 percent of children from stimulating homes perform well, it suggests a significant contrast for those from unstimulating environments. Therefore, the highest percentage option, 70 percent, logically reflects the substantial impact an unstimulating environment can have on a child's academic performance.

Question 5

In his pioneering study of achievement motivation, how did McClelland assess this factor in the child?

Accepted Answer

McClelland used a story-completion exercise using ambiguous pictures to assess achievement motivation in children. This exercise involved presenting the child with a series of pictures and asking them to create a story for each one. The stories were then scored for the presence of achievement-related themes, such as a desire to succeed or a fear of failure. This method allowed for a more subjective assessment of achievement motivation than objective multiple-choice tests, and it minimized potential biases in ratings by teachers or parents.

Question 6

McClelland reported that children's school grades and achievement motivation are

Accepted Answer

McClelland's research found a positive correlation between children's school grades and achievement motivation, meaning that as a child's level of achievement motivation increases, their school grades tend to improve.

Question 7

Two-year-old Tweety brings her scribbles to her father to get his comments about them. Tweety is in the ____ phase of mastery motivation.

Accepted Answer

At two years old, children often seek approval and feedback from adults, indicating they are in the approval-seeking phase of mastery motivation.

Question 8

Parents of children who have a high need to achieve

Accepted Answer

Parents of children who have a high need for achievement typically set high standards for their children and praise their successes. This helps to reinforce the child's desire to succeed and encourages them to continue to strive for success. Criticizing failures or being highly controlling can lead to anxiety and pressure for the child, which may ultimately hinder their ability to achieve. Offering tangible rewards for successes may also be helpful, but it should not be the sole focus of the parenting style.

Question 9

White's notion of the "mastery motive" relates closely to the ordinary notions of

Accepted Answer

White's notion of the "mastery motive" is closely related to curiosity and control, as it refers to the desire to understand and control one's environment. It is not necessarily related to competitiveness or tough-mindedness (A), generosity or paternalism (B), or gender and discrimination (C).

Question 10

Ayn Rand's 1950 novel, The Fountainhead, was about a brilliant architect who struggled to design and build an office tower in an unpopular style he favored. His perseverance showed that his level of ____ was high.

Accepted Answer

The term "perseverance" in the sentence suggests that the architect had a strong motivation to achieve his goal, which is a characteristic of achievement motivation. The other options (A, C, D) are not relevant to the context of the sentence.

Question 11

The child's willingness to work hard to gain important objectives in school or elsewhere is called

Accepted Answer

Achievement motivation refers to the child's willingness to work hard in order to achieve important goals, whether in school or in other areas of life. Proprioceptive feedback from the extended present self, relational self-worth, and mindblindness are not related to this concept.

Question 12

Which of these is the correct developmental sequence for children's self-evaluations of their own achievements, from earliest to latest?

Accepted Answer

According to developmental psychologists, children first experience joy in their own mastery of a task, then seek approval from adults or peers, and finally learn to use their own standards to evaluate their achievements. Therefore, the correct sequence is joy in mastery, approval seeking, and use of standards, which is represented in option D.

Question 13

A child who has an intrinsic motivation to achieve would be likely to say,

Accepted Answer

A child who has intrinsic motivation derives enjoyment from the activity itself, rather than an external reward or pressure. Thus, choosing challenging tasks/problems demonstrates a desire for personal growth and challenge rather than just to meet external requirements.

Question 14

Children beyond the age of three judge their efforts against standards, and they feel either ____ depending on how well they have met the standards.

Accepted Answer

Children beyond the age of three develop a sense of self-evaluation and compare their efforts with the standards. Feeling either shame or pride depends on whether they have met the standards or not.

Question 15

Sally gets an A on her math test. When she gets home, her parents forget to ask about her test and criticize her for walking on the rug with her shoes on. Sally is likely to develop

Accepted Answer

Sally may develop low achievement motivation because her efforts and success in school are not being recognized or valued by her parents, which can lead to a lack of motivation to achieve in the future.

Question 16

Parents of mastery-oriented children encourage achievement motivation. Which of these is NOT a feature of parenting for success?

Accepted Answer

Setting and enforcing strict disciplinary rules may not necessarily be a feature of parenting for success as it can create fear or resentment in the child, and does not necessarily encourage intrinsic motivation. However, providing guidance and control, praising accomplishments, and doing scaffolding (giving help and support when needed) while allowing for autonomy are all important features of parenting for success.

Question 17

In the TV cartoon series, The Simpsons, Bart's sister Lisa works hard to excel in her school work. Lisa exemplifies a child with

Accepted Answer

Lisa demonstrates high achievement motivation, as evidenced by her drive to excel in school and her determination to pursue her interests and talents. This is consistent with the definition of achievement motivation as a strong desire to succeed and meet personal goals. While the other options may apply to Lisa in different ways, they are not as directly demonstrated in her character as her high achievement motivation.

Question 18

Securely attached children excel at achievement-oriented tasks because, when compared with others, they are

Accepted Answer

Securely attached children have a positive self-image and maintain a sense of confidence in their abilities, making them more eager to apply their skills and knowledge towards achieving success. This eagerness to succeed can help them excel at achievement-oriented tasks. The factors of wealth, forgetfulness of failures, and intelligence do not necessarily determine attachment style or success in achievement-oriented tasks.

Question 19

Children who are high achievers and are most successful have parents who apply the ____ parenting style.

Accepted Answer

The authoritative parenting style is characterized by setting clear rules and boundaries, while also being responsive and supportive to the child's needs. This creates a positive environment for the child to learn and grow, leading to high achievement and success. Neglectful/noninvolved and permissive parenting styles do not provide enough structure and guidance for the child to excel, while authoritarian parenting is too strict and does not allow for the child's individual needs and interests to be taken into account.

Question 20

Leo, age four, builds projects with Lego blocks. He now compares his Lego projects with elaborate models that are pictured in Lego handbooks. Leo is now in the ____ phase of mastery motivation.

Accepted Answer

In the use of standards phase, individuals compare their own performance to external standards or models. This is what Leo does when he compares his Lego projects with the models in the Lego handbooks. The approval-seeking phase involves seeking praise or recognition from others, the self-reflective role-taking phase involves considering others' perspectives, and joy in mastery involves experiencing enjoyment from the process of mastering a task or skill.

Quiz 11: Development of the Self-Concept