Question 1

Alan works in a research laboratory. He owns a house, and he earns enough to sustain himself. He has a large social circle and makes time to meet his friends at least once a week. However, Alan feels that he is capable of much more and can achieve a lot more in life. He is striving to bring out the best within himself. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alan is trying to fulfill his _____.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that individuals must fulfill their basic physiological and safety needs before moving onto love and belongingness needs. Once these are met, individuals can focus on fulfilling their self-esteem needs, and finally, their self-actualization needs. Therefore, Alan, who has already fulfilled his basic needs and has a good social circle, is now striving to bring out the best within himself, which falls under self-actualization needs.

Question 2

Which of the following is a feature of the Thematic Apperception Test?

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations. The test taker is asked to create a story based on the picture on the card, which can reveal their thoughts, feelings, and attitudes. B, C, and D are not features of the TAT.

Question 3

According to Maslow, once physiological needs are satisfied, people try to fulfil their need for__________.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once physiological needs are satisfied, people seek to fulfill their safety needs.

Question 4

The__________is an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating center.

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is known to function as a "start-eating" center, playing a crucial role in stimulating appetite and food intake.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Fatty tissue in the body metabolizes food more slowly than muscle tissue does. This is because muscle tissue has a higher metabolic rate due to its greater need for energy to function. Fatty tissue, on the other hand, has a lower metabolic rate because it stores excess energy in the form of fat for later use.

Question 6

Viola has just come back from work and is experiencing hunger pangs. She quickly makes a sandwich. Eating this sandwich satisfies her hunger. The return to normal bodily function without hunger pangs is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable and constant internal environment, including hunger and satiety. Eating a sandwich helped Viola return to a state of homeostasis where her body's needs were met and hunger was no longer present. Homeorhesis refers to the ability of the body to maintain a balanced metabolism, while metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells, and estrus refers to a female animal's reproductive cycle.

Question 7

Which of the following is a biological factor responsible for obesity?

Accepted Answer

A high fat-to-muscle ratio can contribute to obesity as excess body fat can lead to metabolic changes that promote weight gain. Anorexia nervosa and aphagic tendency result in decreased calorie intake and can lead to underweight rather than obesity. A high metabolism rate may make it difficult for someone to gain weight, but it is not a biological factor responsible for obesity.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle?

Accepted Answer

During the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, men enter a refractory period, which is a period of time during which they are unable to achieve another orgasm. This phase is not characterized by myotonia or vasocongestion, and women are capable of experiencing orgasm during this phase. The rapid increase in heart rate typically occurs during the excitement phase.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of satiety?

Accepted Answer

Satiety is the feeling of fullness and satisfaction after a meal. We get signals of satiety from the digestive tract, including the stomach, intestines, and hormones like leptin and ghrelin. Hunger pangs are a sign of hunger, not satiety. Chewing and swallowing can increase feelings of satiety by slowing down the eating process and allowing time for the signals of fullness to reach the brain. Blood sugar levels may affect hunger, but they are not directly related to satiety.

Question 10

We are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain. The _____ theory best explains this behavior.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive dissonance theory explains this behavior because it suggests that we experience discomfort (dissonance) when our beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors are inconsistent with each other. To reduce this discomfort, we often change our attitudes or values to align with our actions, leading to a greater appreciation for things we have worked hard to obtain.

Question 11

Which of the following hormones can heighten the sex drive in women?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is a hormone that is present in both males and females but is typically higher in males. However, it also plays a role in female sexual desire and arousal. Higher levels of testosterone can increase sex drive in women. Somatostatin, glucagon, and placental lactogen do not have a direct effect on female sexual desire.

Question 12

The excitement phase of the sexual response cycle in women is characterized by _____.

Accepted Answer

During the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle in women, there is increased blood flow to the genital area which leads to vaginal lubrication. This prepares the body for sexual activity.

Question 13

Nadine works for an accounting firm. She makes enough money for herself and has bought a house with a top-notch security system. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Nadine has fulfilled her _____ needs.

Accepted Answer

Nadine has fulfilled her safety needs, as she has bought a house with a top-notch security system, ensuring her physical safety and security. The other needs (esteem, self-actualization, and social) are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 14

According to Piaget's cognitive developmental theory, which of the following is true of people?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's cognitive developmental theory, people try to eliminate inconsistencies or discrepancies in information, which is known as the process of assimilation and accommodation. This helps individuals to develop their understanding of the world around them and achieve cognitive equilibrium. Piaget's theory also emphasizes the importance of personal growth and development, contradicting choice A. Fulfilling multiple needs at the same time is possible according to Piaget, making choice B incorrect. Piaget's theory does not suggest that individuals are motivated to increase stimulation, making choice C incorrect.

Question 15

__________is best described as a problem affecting female athletes that involves low availability of energy and loss of bone density.

Accepted Answer

The female athlete triad is a well-known problem affecting female athletes, especially in sports where there is a focus on a lean physique or aesthetic appearance. It involves three interconnected components: low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and loss of bone density. In simple terms, female athletes with this triad do not consume enough calories to sustain their energy demands, which leads to disruptions in their menstrual cycles and bone loss. It is important to recognize and address this problem early on to prevent long-term health consequences.

Question 16

Motives are:

Accepted Answer

Motives are internal factors that drive individuals to behave in certain ways. These motives cannot be seen directly, but rather they are inferred from the individual's behavior. For example, an individual's decision to donate money to charity may be driven by a motive to help others or a motive to make themselves feel good. We cannot see these motives directly, but we can infer them from the individual's behavior. Therefore, option B is the best choice to complete the given statement.

Question 17

The__________is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that spend body energy from stored reserves.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for mobilizing the body's stored energy reserves during processes such as exercise, stress, and fight-or-flight responses. It activates the release of adrenaline and other stress hormones that increase heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure, redirecting blood flow away from non-essential organs towards the muscles and other active tissues. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for conserving and restoring body energy during rest and relaxation, promoting digestion, immune function, and tissue repair.

Question 18

_____ believed that tension motivates us to behave in ways that restore us to a resting state.

Accepted Answer

This concept is known as the "drive reduction theory" and is primarily associated with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. According to Freud, behaviors are motivated by unconscious drives or urges, such as the libido, and we engage in certain behaviors in order to reduce these drives and achieve a state of equilibrium or rest.

Question 19

Aria works at a marketing research firm. Whenever she processes information, she disregards information that does not fit in with her ideas to eliminate discrepancies. This behavior is consistent with _____.

Accepted Answer

Aria's behavior is consistent with Piaget's cognitive developmental theory, specifically the concept of assimilation, where individuals incorporate new information into existing cognitive structures. However, if the new information does not fit with their existing structures, they may disregard it or modify their existing structures to accommodate it, which is known as accommodation. Aria's behavior of disregarding information that does not fit her existing ideas suggests a lack of accommodation.

Question 20

Why we go clubbing and drink alcohol can best be explained by _____.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus motives suggest that people are driven to seek out and experience new and exciting stimuli, which can include activities such as clubbing and drinking alcohol. The other options (self-actualization, drive-reduction theory, and cognitive developmental theory) do not adequately explain the motivations behind these behaviors.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion