Question 1

Section 486(3) of the Criminal Code of Canada states that judges can order "the identity of the complainant or of a witness and any information that could disclose the identity of the complainant or of a witness shall not be published in any document or broadcast in any way."

Accepted Answer

Section 486(3) of the Criminal Code of Canada does state that judges can order the identity of the complainant or witness to not be published in any document or broadcast in any way.

Question 2

This approach to victimology advocates that occurences of personal victimization are dependent upon the "routine" or "daily activities" of people and are the outcome of three elements: the motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of capable guardians.

Accepted Answer

The approach described is known as the Routine Activity theory of victimology, which posits that victimization occurs when there is a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of capable guardians. It emphasizes the importance of daily routines and the interaction between the victim and offender in determining the likelihood of victimization.

Question 3

Kent Roach described the punitive approach model of victims' rights as resembling the ________ model because it focuses on the enactment of criminal law, prosecution, and punishment as ways to control crime.

Accepted Answer

Kent Roach describes the punitive approach model of victims' rights as resembling the crime control model because it focuses on the use of criminal law, prosecution, and punishment to control crime.

Question 4

One of the earliest writers in the field of victimology, ________, wrote that the victim and the criminal are complementary partners and "the victim shapes and moulds the criminal."

Accepted Answer

Hans von Hentig is credited as one of the earliest writers in the field of victimology, and his theory of victimization suggests that the victim and the criminal are complementary partners and that the victim plays a role in shaping and molding the criminal's behavior.

Question 5

________ is punishment through imposed responsibility.

Accepted Answer

Restitution refers to the punishment of the offender through the imposition of responsibility for their actions. This may involve monetary compensation to the victim or community service to make amends for the harm caused. Victim surcharge, compensation, and probation are also forms of punishment, but they do not involve imposed responsibility in the same way that restitution does. Incarceration, on the other hand, is a form of punishment that involves physical confinement rather than restitution.

Question 6

________, a Canadian criminologist, has integrated the lifestyle/opportunity theories into a comprehensive scheme.

Accepted Answer

Ezzat Fattah is known for his integration of lifestyle/opportunity theories into a comprehensive scheme in criminology.

Question 7

A "victims' rights model" of criminal justice calls for more laws but fewer prosecutions and fewer support services for victims.

Accepted Answer

A "victims' rights model" of criminal justice calls for more support services for victims and more accountability for offenders, including prosecutions. It aims to prioritize the needs and rights of victims within the criminal justice system.

Question 8

Lawrence E. Cohen and Marcus Felson put forth the routine activity approach to understanding victimization.

Accepted Answer

Lawrence E. Cohen and Marcus Felson were the authors of the routine activity approach to understanding victimization.

Question 9

The offender is directly involved in victim ________ programs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The offender is directly involved in victim...

Question 10

________ describes the relationship between victim and criminal in which an impersonal agency such as a business is victimized.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ describes the relationship between victim and...

Question 11

________ programs involve the government repaying victims for their financial losses or physical injuries.

Accepted Answer

Victim compensation programs involve the government providing financial assistance to victims of crime to help them with their expenses resulting from the crime. This is different from victim restitution, which involves the offender repaying the victim for their losses. Victim fine surcharge and victim impact programs involve imposing additional penalties or requiring the offender to attend programming, while victim-witness assistance programs provide support and assistance to witnesses throughout the criminal justice process.

Question 12

Restitution is a criminal sanction, in particular the payment of compensation by the offender to the victim.

Accepted Answer

Restitution is a criminal sanction that requires the offender to pay compensation to the victim as a form of punishment and to make up for the harm they caused. This can be in the form of money, property, or services.

Question 13

________ is generally credited with creating the terms "victimology" and "penal couple."

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Mendelsohn is generally credited with creating the terms "victimology" and "penal couple."

Question 14

Post-crime victimization refers to problems in living that tend to follow from initial victimization, some of which may be related to the victim's interaction with the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

Post-crime victimization is the set of problems that occur after an individual has been a victim of a crime. These problems may include physical, emotional, and psychological issues that may be related to the victim's interaction with the criminal justice system. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 15

________ refers to problems which follow from initial victimization.

Accepted Answer

Post-crime victimization refers to the problems that arise after the initial victimization, such as psychological trauma, fear of future victimization, and financial burdens. The term is commonly used in victimology to describe the ongoing impact of crime on victims.

Question 16

According to ________, a person can undergo life experiences which eventually place them in circumstances which contribute to their future victimization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to ________, a person can undergo...

Question 17

________ is a term used to describe the relationship between victim and criminal.

Accepted Answer

Penal couple refers to the relationship between the victim and criminal in which the criminal is punished by the legal system and the victim is considered to have been "made whole" through this punishment. This concept has been criticized for ignoring the ongoing impact that crime can have on victims beyond the legal process.

Question 18

________ is a written document that describes the losses, suffering, and trauma experienced by the crime victim or by the victim's survivors. Judges are expected to consider these effects in arriving at an appropriate sentence for the offender.

Accepted Answer

Victim impact statements are written documents that describe the negative effects experienced by victims or their survivors as a result of a crime. Judges are expected to take these statements into account when deciding on an appropriate sentence for the offender.

Question 19

Victims receive information about the offenders who harmed them directly from the Minister of Corrections Canada.

Accepted Answer

Victims receive information about the offenders who harmed them through the Victims Services office in their province or territory, not directly from the Minister of Corrections Canada.

Question 20

The ________ made 79 recommendations addressing the needs of victims and the requirements for victim services.

Accepted Answer

The 1983 Federal Provincial Task Force on Justice for the Victims of Crime made 79 recommendations addressing the needs of victims and the requirements for victim services.

Quiz 4: Victimology: The Study of the Victim