Question 1

Psychotherapy holds that the frequency of any behaviour can be increased or decreased through reward, punishment, and/or association with other stimuli.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

Armin Meiwes used the internet to lure victims into his cannibalistic rituals.

Accepted Answer

Armin Meiwes, also known as the "Rotenburg Cannibal," used online forums to search for and lure victims into his cannibalistic rituals. In 2001, he met Bernd Jürgen Brandes through an internet forum for people interested in cannibalism, and they agreed to meet in person for Meiwes to kill and consume Brandes. Meiwes documented the entire process on video and was eventually arrested for his crimes.

Question 3

A psychopath (also called a sociopath) is a person with a personality disorder, especially one manifested in aggressively antisocial behaviour, and who is lacking in empathy.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the characteristics and behaviors of a psychopath/sociopath.

Question 4

Poverty is considered a psychological determinant of criminal behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Poverty is considered a psychological determinant of...

Question 5

Dr. Ivan Pavlov won a Nobel prize for his demonstration that animal behaviour could be predictably altered through association with external changes arising from the environment surrounding the organism.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Dr. Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904 for his work on classical conditioning, which demonstrated how animals (in this case, dogs) could learn to associate a previously neutral stimulus (like a sound or a light) with a biologically significant stimulus (like food), and then respond to the neutral stimulus as if it were biologically significant on its own. This research had significant implications for understanding how learning and memory work, and has been influential in fields ranging from psychology to neuroscience to artificial intelligence.

Question 6

Modelling Theory, a form of social learning theory, asserts that people learn how to act by observing others.

Accepted Answer

Modelling Theory asserts that people learn by observing others and then imitating their behaviors.

Question 7

According to Freud, the prerequisite motivation to become murderers, sexual aggressors, and thieves lies within the ego of every person.

Accepted Answer

Freud did not believe that the motivation to become murderers, sexual aggressors, and thieves lies within the ego of every person. Instead, he believed that these behaviors could be the result of conflicts between the ego, id, and superego, as well as childhood experiences and other environmental factors.

Question 8

Forensic psychiatry views crime as a result of the interaction between the environment and the psychological urges every individual experiences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Forensic psychiatry views crime as a result...

Question 9

Behaviour theory is a psychological perspective positing that individual behaviour that is rewarded will increase in frequency and behaviour that is punished will decrease.

Accepted Answer

This statement correctly summarizes the key tenets of behaviour theory. It suggests that behaviour is shaped and reinforced by rewards and punishments, and that positive reinforcement can increase the likelihood of certain behaviours being repeated in the future.

Question 10

Neurosis refers to disorders of the mind or of the emotions. Such disorders involve anxiety, phobia, or other abnormal behaviour.

Accepted Answer

This is an accurate definition of neurosis.

Question 11

When one aspect of consciousness is symbolically substituted for another it is referred to as sublimation.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Sublimation is a psychological concept that refers to the process of redirecting a person's unconscious impulses and desires towards more socially acceptable behavior. This redirection often involves the substitution of one aspect of consciousness (such as sexuality or aggression) with another, more acceptable one (such as artistic or intellectual pursuits).

Question 12

Psychological profiling is based on the belief that almost any form of conscious behaviour (including behaviour engaged in by the offender during a criminal episode) is symptomatic of an individual's personality.

Accepted Answer

Psychological profiling is indeed based on the belief that an individual's personality can be inferred from their behaviour, including criminal behaviour during a criminal episode.

Question 13

Selective incapacitation is a social policy that seeks to protect society by incarcerating those individuals deemed to be the most dangerous.

Accepted Answer

Selective incapacitation is a social policy that identifies individuals who are deemed to be the most dangerous to society and incarcerates them to protect the society from their harmful activities. This policy aims to reduce crime rates by removing high-risk offenders from the community.

Question 14

According to Hervey Cleckley, the indicators of psychopathy appear early in life, often in the teenage years, and include lying, fighting, stealing, and vandalism.

Accepted Answer

Hervey Cleckley did propose that the indicators of psychopathy appear early in life, often in the teenage years, and include lying, fighting, stealing, and vandalism.

Question 15

According to Freud, all living things have a fundamental desire to descend into an inanimate state, or death.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of the death drive or Thanatos, all living things have an innate drive to return to an inorganic state, or death.

Question 16

According to Freud's psychoanalytic perspective of crime, a person might never commit a crime because he or she has a poorly developed sublimation process.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic perspective, crime might occur due to a poorly developed superego or an overly strong id, not because of a poorly developed sublimation process. Sublimation is a defense mechanism that redirects socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities.

Question 17

A finding of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) acknowledges that the accused committed the offence but finds that the accused suffered from a mental disorder that made him or her incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of his or her actions or that the actions were wrong.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of a finding of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) under Canadian criminal law.

Question 18

Psychiatric criminology, also known as forensic psychiatry, envisions a complex set of drives and motives operating from hidden recesses deep within the personality to determine behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Psychiatric criminology, also known as forensic psychiatry, does propose that a complex set of drives and motives, often unconscious or hidden, determine behavior.

Question 19

At the beginning of any criminal trial the defendant is assumed to be innocent and sane.

Accepted Answer

This principle is known as "presumption of innocence" and is a fundamental concept of criminal law. It means that the burden of proving guilt is on the prosecution, and the defendant is not required to prove their innocence. Similarly, the defendant is presumed to be mentally competent unless proven otherwise by evidence presented in court.

Question 20

In the case of R. v. Swain the Supreme Court of Canada deemed unconstitutional the automatic and indefinite detention for those found legally insane.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. In the case of R. v. Swain, the Supreme Court of Canada deemed automatic and indefinite detention for those found legally insane unconstitutional.

Quiz 7: Psychological and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behaviour