Question 1

The _____________ Assistance Program is an organized program that offers services to victims of crime in the areas of crisis intervention and follow-up counseling and that helps victims secure their rights under the law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____________ Assistance Program is an organized...

Question 2

The lawful authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court is known as original jurisdiction.

Accepted Answer

The lawful authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court is known as appellate jurisdiction, not original jurisdiction. Original jurisdiction refers to a court's authority to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to hearing an appeal from a lower court.

Question 3

It is the responsibility of the clerk of court to keep order in the courtroom and to maintain physical custody of the jury.

Accepted Answer

The responsibility of keeping order in the courtroom typically falls to the bailiff, while the clerk of court manages court records and documents. The physical custody of the jury is also generally the responsibility of the bailiff, not the clerk of court.

Question 4

The Courtroom work group consists of judges,prosecutors,defense attorneys,and defendants.

Accepted Answer

The courtroom work group typically includes judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and other personnel such as bailiffs and court reporters, but not defendants. Defendants are participants in the court process but are not considered part of the work group.

Question 5

Trial de novo literally means a ________ trial.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trial de novo literally means a ________...

Question 6

Both lay witnesses and expert witnesses may express opinions or draw conclusions in their testimony.

Accepted Answer

Lay witnesses can only testify about what they directly observed, while expert witnesses can provide opinions based on their expertise.

Question 7

Defendants,jurors,and the press are considered outsiders or the nonprofessional courtroom participants.

Accepted Answer

Defendants, jurors, and the press are not professional courtroom participants and are thus considered outsiders in court.

Question 8

Gideon v.Wainwright was a landmark case in 1963 that changed the laws regarding police searches of persons and homes.

Accepted Answer

Gideon v. Wainwright was a landmark case that guaranteed the right to an attorney for criminal defendants, but it did not address police searches of persons and homes. That issue was addressed in cases such as Mapp v. Ohio (1961) and Terry v. Ohio (1968).

Question 9

A subpoena is a written order issued by a judicial officer or grand jury requiring an individual to appear in court to give testimony or to bring material to be used as evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A subpoena is a written order issued...

Question 10

Prosecutorial discretion is the decision-making power of prosecutors,based on the wide range of choices available to them,in the handling of criminal defendants.

Accepted Answer

Prosecutorial discretion refers to the freedom prosecutors have in deciding whether or not to charge a defendant, what charges to bring, whether to seek bail, and plea bargaining. It is a significant power that is often subject to controversy and criticism.

Question 11

The court of last resort is the court authorized by law to hear the final appeal on a matter.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true, as the court of last resort is the highest court in a jurisdiction and there is no further appeal available beyond it.

Question 12

The Herrera v.Collins decision severely limited access by state defendants to federal courts,with the ruling that new evidence of innocence is no reason for a federal court to order a new state trial if constitutional grounds are lacking.

Accepted Answer

The Herrera v. Collins decision did severely limit access by state defendants to federal courts and ruled that new evidence of innocence is not enough to warrant a new state trial if constitutional grounds are lacking.

Question 13

Exculpatory evidence is any information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame.

Accepted Answer

Exculpatory evidence can include witness testimony, physical evidence, or documentary evidence that shows the defendant's innocence or undermines the prosecution's case against them. Its purpose is to help ensure that defendants receive a fair trial by providing all relevant information to the court.

Question 14

State judges are only elected by the public to their posts.

Accepted Answer

State judges can be either elected or appointed, depending on the state's judicial selection process. Some states use a combination of both methods.

Question 15

A person who has special knowledge and skills recognized by the court as relevant to the determination of guilt or innocence,who may express opinions or draw conclusions in their testimony is called a(n)_________________ witness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who has special knowledge and...

Question 16

A licensed trial lawyer hired or appointed to conduct the legal assistance of a person accused of a crime and to represent him or her before a court of law is called __________ counsel.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A licensed trial lawyer hired or appointed...

Question 17

The _______________ is an attorney whose official duty is to conduct criminal proceedings on behalf of the state or the people against those accused of having committed criminal offenses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______________ is an attorney whose official...

Question 18

The territory,subject matter,or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority,as determined by statute or constitution,is called jurisdiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The territory,subject matter,or people over which a...

Question 19

The Victim Assistance Program is an organized program that offers services to victims of crime in the areas of crisis intervention and follow-up counseling and that helps victims secure their rights under the law.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the purpose and function of the Victim Assistance Program.

Question 20

The Federal Court system is separated into three levels.

Accepted Answer

The Federal Court system is indeed separated into three levels, which are District Courts, Circuit Courts, and the Supreme Court.

Quiz 9: The Courts: Structure and Participants