Question 1

Reserving the use of the word "puppy" to refer only to the dog at home and not other dogs is an example of

Accepted Answer

Underextension is when a child uses a word to refer to a specific object or person, but not to other objects or people that also fit the description. In this case, reserving the word "puppy" to refer only to the dog at home and not other dogs is an example of underextension.

Question 2

A vocabulary dominated by phrases or words like _____ would indicate that a child is using an expressive style of language acquisition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A vocabulary dominated by phrases or words...

Question 3

Though 18-month-old Saturn knows the word "car," she only uses it when referring to her mother's sedan (i.e., she does not use it to describe any other vehicle). Saturn's linguistic limitation is best described as involving

Accepted Answer

Underextension refers to a child's limited use of a word to only apply to a specific object or situation, which is seen in Saturn's use of the word "car" to only describe her mother's sedan. Overregularization involves applying grammatical rules too broadly, telegraphic speech refers to the use of short and simple phrases, and overextension involves applying a word too broadly to multiple objects or situations.

Question 4

Underextension is most likely the result of a toddler's limited

Accepted Answer

Underextension occurs when a child uses a word in a limited or narrow way, such as using "dog" only to refer to their own pet dog and not recognizing other dogs as "dogs." This is most likely due to the child's limited vocabulary size, as they have not yet learned the full range and variations of words and their meanings.

Question 5

The typical first-grader would begin school with a vocabulary of around _____ words.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The typical first-grader would begin school with...

Question 6

Due to a slight hearing loss, 90-year-old Tiger has begun to have trouble differentiating some English sounds. For example, thelast time he was golfing, his partner said "nice putt," but Tiger thought he said "nice butt." This difficulty is best thought of as a deficiency in

Accepted Answer

Phonology is the study of speech sounds and how they are used in language. A hearing loss can make it difficult to differentiate between certain sounds, which can lead to misinterpretation. In this case, Tiger's difficulty in differentiating between "putt" and "butt" is a phonological issue due to his hearing loss.

Question 7

Logan has just realized that the phrase "daddy run" can mean both "daddy is going for a run" and "can I go for a run with daddy." This realization best illustrates the acquisition of

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand the different functions language can serve is known as functional grammar. In this case, Logan has realized that the same phrase can have two different functions depending on context. This represents an understanding of functional grammar.

Question 8

John has just developed the ability to convert a declarative sentence (e.g., "I like pizza") into both a question (e.g., "Do I like eating pizza?") and an imperative (e.g., "I must eat pizza!"). This would indicate that he now is aware of

Accepted Answer

Transforming a sentence into different grammatical forms, such as turning a declarative sentence into a question or an imperative, is a principle of transformational grammar. Therefore, John's ability indicates an understanding of transformational grammar.

Question 9

Changes in language use during preschool and early elementary school years typically include

Accepted Answer

The early elementary school years are typically marked by an increased use of transformational grammar rules as children become more proficient with language and are able to manipulate language in more complex ways. A) decreased use of decontextualized language is not typically observed during this time. B) decreased vocabulary size is not a typical change during this period. C) increased babbling is typically observed during the first year of life, but decreases as language development progresses, and is not a change typically observed during the preschool or early elementary school years.

Question 10

Which is the best example of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech typically consists of two-word phrases and leaves out smaller words like "the," "and," and "a." "Want bottle" fits this pattern perfectly, making it the best example of telegraphic speech.

Question 11

Which question demonstrates the correct placement of the auxiliary verb?

Accepted Answer

Choice C places the auxiliary verb "can" before the subject "the pig" in a grammatically correct sentence. The other choices either do not include an auxiliary verb or place it in the incorrect position.

Question 12

Underextension occurs when a child uses a

Accepted Answer

Underextension occurs when a child uses a word too narrowly, such as using "dog" only to refer to their family's pet instead of all dogs.

Question 13

When a person speaks using several critical content words but does not actually use full sentences, he or she is said to be engaging in

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech is characterized by the use of critical content words, but with little to no function words or syntactical structure. This is often seen in early language development or in individuals with language disorders. Underextension refers to the limited use of a word to a very specific object or context. Babbling is the early vocalizations of infants that do not have any specific meaning, and joint attention refers to the shared focus between two people on a particular object or activity.

Question 14

Functional grammar emphasizes the _____ relations between words.

Accepted Answer

Functional grammar focuses on the meaning and function of words in a sentence, therefore it emphasizes the semantic relations between words. Morphology, phonology, and intonation are also important aspects of language, but they are not the primary focus of functional grammar.

Question 15

Rachel stubs her toe and says "Ouch! I hurted myself!" This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Rachel's use of "hurted" instead of the correct past tense "hurt" demonstrates overregularization, which is common in language development when children apply grammatical rules too broadly.

Question 16

Metalinguistic awareness is best defined as

Accepted Answer

Metalinguistic awareness refers to an individual's knowledge and understanding of language as a system, including its rules, components, and functions. It involves being able to reflect on and analyze the use of language, as well as understand and use language to communicate effectively in different contexts. A and B are not accurate definitions of metalinguistic awareness, and D suggests an innate ability, which is not necessarily the case.

Question 17

Which is the best example of metalinguistic awareness?

Accepted Answer

Metalinguistic awareness involves understanding and reflecting on the use of language itself, such as understanding abstract concepts like selfishness.

Question 18

Dumbo and his Dad are at the zoo. "Look at those huge foots!" exclaims Dumbo, as they watch an elephant in its cage. Dumbo's error in speech best demonstrates

Accepted Answer

Dumbo's use of "foots" instead of "feet" is an example of overregularization, which is a common error made by young children when they apply a rule too broadly in language.

Question 19

Applying language rules to cases in which the rule is not appropriate defines the concept of

Accepted Answer

Overregularization refers to when language rules are applied inappropriately, such as a child saying "goed" instead of "went" because they have learned to add "-ed" to form the past tense. Joint attention refers to when two individuals are attending to the same object or event, telegraphic speech refers to the use of short, simple phrases without auxiliary words or grammatical markers, and holophrasing refers to using a single word to communicate a whole idea or sentence (e.g. "milk" to mean "I want some milk").

Question 20

Transformation grammar is best associated with rules of

Accepted Answer

Transformation grammar is primarily associated with rules of syntax. It deals with the process of transforming one sentence structure into another using various operations such as deletion, insertion, substitution, and movement. It is mainly used in generative grammar to analyze the relationship between the surface structure and deep structure of a sentence.

Quiz 10: Language and Education