Question 1

The test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The obtained value is the test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected. The critical value is a value used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. The significance level is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one calculated, assuming the null hypothesis is true. The p value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one calculated, assuming the null hypothesis is true, and is used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the best choice is C as it is the correct answer to the question.

Question 2

When examining group difference where the direction of the difference is specified, which of the following is used?

Accepted Answer

A one-tailed test is used when the direction of the difference is specified, meaning that we are only interested in whether one group is significantly higher or lower than another group. This is in contrast to a two-tailed test, which tests for a difference in either direction. A directional hypothesis is also used when the direction of the difference is specified, as it is a prediction of the direction of the effect. A critical value is the cutoff point for determining whether a result is statistically significant, and is used in both one-tailed and two-tailed tests. However, the question specifically asks about the best choice for examining group differences with a specified direction, so the answer is B (one-tailed test).

Question 3

The null hypothesis in an independent-samples t-test would be represented as follows:

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis in an independent-samples t-test states that the population means of the two groups are equal, represented as $\mu _ { 1 } = \mu _ { 2 }$.

Question 4

The t-test for independent samples assumes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The t-test for independent samples assumes that the scores are independent, meaning that there is no relationship or dependence between the scores in one group compared to the scores in the other group.

Question 5

In the formula that computes a t value, what does represent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the formula that computes a t...

Question 6

In order to determine whether or not you will reject the null hypothesis, the test statistic must be compared against the _______.

Accepted Answer

The critical value is the value beyond which we reject the null hypothesis. The obtained value and p-value are used to calculate the test statistic and determine statistical significance, but it is ultimately the comparison of the test statistic to the critical value that determines rejection or acceptance of the null hypothesis. The significance level (B) is used in conjunction with the critical value but does not replace it as a comparison point.

Question 7

If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do?

Accepted Answer

If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, it means that the observed result is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, and we reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, the best choice is to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 8

In the formula that computes a t value, what does represent?

Accepted Answer

In the formula that computes a t value, the mean for Group 1 is represented, as the t-test compares the means of two groups to determine if they are statistically different from each other.

Question 9

Which major assumption of the t-test deals with the amount of variability in each group?

Accepted Answer

The major assumption of the t-test is that the variances are equal in each of the groups being compared. This is necessary for accurate comparison of means using the t-test.

Question 10

The t-test for independent means is used when you are looking at the difference in average scores of one or more variables within/between _______ group(s) that are _______ of one another.

Accepted Answer

The t-test for independent means is used when comparing two groups that are independent of one another, meaning that the scores of one group do not affect the scores of the other group. Therefore, the best choice is B - two groups that are independent of one another.

Question 11

In the formula that computes a t value, what does n₁ represent?

Accepted Answer

The formula for computing a t value involves the sample size (n) of each group. The subscript 1 (n₁) specifically refers to the sample size of Group 1. Therefore, n₁ represents the number of participants in Group 1.

Question 12

When examining group difference where no direction of the difference is specified, which of the following is used?

Accepted Answer

A two-tailed test is used when examining group differences where no direction of the difference is specified. In this type of test, the alternative hypothesis is that there is a difference between the groups (e.g., Group A is different from Group B), but the direction of the difference is not specified. Therefore, the null hypothesis is that there is no difference between the groups. The critical value is also used in hypothesis testing, but it is determined based on the level of significance and the degrees of freedom, and it varies depending on the type of test (e.g., t-test, ANOVA). The directional hypothesis is used when a researcher has a specific prediction about the direction of the difference between groups. The one-tailed test is used in this case to determine if the observed difference is in the predicted direction.

Question 13

The t-test for independent means is used when each group is tested _______.

Accepted Answer

The t-test for independent means is used when each group is tested only once. This means that the two groups being compared should be separate and distinct, without any overlap or repeated measurements. If the groups are not independent, a different type of statistical analysis may be needed.

Question 14

The t-test for independent means is used when there is/are _______.

Accepted Answer

The t-test for independent means is used to compare the means of two separate groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them.

Question 15

In the t-test for independent samples, the actual statistical test is _______.

Accepted Answer

The t-test for independent samples is nondirectional because it does not specify a direction of difference between the two groups being compared; it only tests if there is a difference.

Question 16

If you want to examine the difference among the average scores of three unrelated groups, which of the following statistical techniques should you select?

Accepted Answer

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is the appropriate statistical technique to examine the difference among the average scores of three or more unrelated groups. It compares the means of three or more independent groups to determine if there is a significant difference between them. Regression is used to examine the relationship between variables, while t-tests are used to compare means of two groups only.

Question 17

The research hypothesis in an independent-samples t-test would be represented as follows:

Accepted Answer

The research hypothesis (alternative hypothesis) in an independent-samples t-test is that the means of the two groups are not equal, represented as $\mu_1 \neq \mu_2$.

Question 18

In order to compute the test statistic, or t value, you must first approximate the sample size by calculating the _______.

Accepted Answer

In order to calculate the t value, we need to know the standard deviation and mean difference between the two groups being compared, as well as the sample size. However, the sample size is used specifically to calculate the degrees of freedom, which in turn are used to determine the appropriate critical values from the t-distribution. Therefore, the correct answer is C, degrees of freedom.

Question 19

The SPSS output for an independent-samples t-test includes all of the following EXCEPT this:

Accepted Answer

The SPSS output for an independent-samples t-test includes the mean, standard deviation, and variance for each group, as well as the t-value, degrees of freedom, and p-value. However, it does not include the correlation coefficient, as this is a measure of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, which is not relevant in an independent-samples t-test.

Question 20

Independent means that the groups are _______.

Accepted Answer

Independent means that the groups are not related in any way. This means that the variable being studied in each group is not affected by the other group, and therefore they can be analyzed separately.

Quiz 11: Tea for Two: Tests Between the Means of Different Groups

The test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the _______.

When examining group difference where the direction of the difference is specified, which of the following is used?

The null hypothesis in an independent-samples t-test would be represented as follows:

The t-test for independent samples assumes which of the following?

In the formula that computes a t value, what does represent?

In order to determine whether or not you will reject the null hypothesis, the test statistic must be compared against the _______.

If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do?

In the formula that computes a t value, what does represent?

Which major assumption of the t-test deals with the amount of variability in each group?

The t-test for independent means is used when you are looking at the difference in average scores of one or more variables within/between _ group(s) that are _ of one another.

In the formula that computes a t value, what does n₁ represent?

When examining group difference where no direction of the difference is specified, which of the following is used?

The t-test for independent means is used when each group is tested _______.

The t-test for independent means is used when there is/are _______.

In the t-test for independent samples, the actual statistical test is _______.

If you want to examine the difference among the average scores of three unrelated groups, which of the following statistical techniques should you select?

The research hypothesis in an independent-samples t-test would be represented as follows:

In order to compute the test statistic, or t value, you must first approximate the sample size by calculating the _______.

The SPSS output for an independent-samples t-test includes all of the following EXCEPT this:

Independent means that the groups are _______.