Question 1

Transcutaneous monitoring's limitations can be minimized by all of the following EXCEPT _______________.
A) site changes.
B) calibrations.
C) frequent membrane changes.
D) temperature adjustments.

Accepted Answer

Temperature adjustments will not minimize transcutaneous monitoring limitations.Frequent membrane changes,site changes,and calibrations help to minimize some of this technology's limitations.

Question 2

What is the standard by which noninvasive monitors are compared?
A) Capnography
B) Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring
C) Transcutaneous P02 monitoring
D) Blood gas analysis

Accepted Answer

Blood gas analysis is the standard by which noninvasive monitors are compared and by which monitoring data are related to the patient's condition.

Question 3

Which type of end-tidal CO₂ monitor draws the exhaled gas sample from the airway through a capillary tube to an analyzer that is located near the patient?
A) Sidestream end-tidal CO₂ monitor
B) Mainstream end-tidal CO₂ monitor
C) Oximeter
D) Transcutaneous monitor

Accepted Answer

The sidestream end-tidal CO₂ monitors draw the exhaled gas sample from the airway through a capillary tube to an analyzer that is located near the patient.

Question 4

What would be indicated for the monitoring the matching of ventilation to perfusion during independent lung ventilation for unilateral pulmonary contusion?
A) Pulse oximetry
B) Minute volume
C) Capnography
D) Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring

Accepted Answer

One of the indications for capnography is monitoring the matching of ventilation to perfusion during independent lung ventilation for unilateral pulmonary contusion.

Question 5

What is defined as ongoing assessment of the patient's condition without entry into the body (through body orifices or via puncture of the skin or vessels)?
A) Transcutaneous monitoring
B) Noninvasive monitoring
C) Oximetry monitoring
D) End-tidal monitoring

Accepted Answer

Noninvasive monitoring is ongoing assessment of the patient's condition without entry into the body (through body orifices or via puncture of the skin or vessels).

Question 6

Which of the following are limiting factors of pulse oximeters?
I.Vascular dyes
II.Motion
III.Ambient light
IV.Nail polish
A) I and II only
B) III and IV only
C) IV only
D) I, II, III, and IV

Accepted Answer

There are several factors influencing pulse oximeter accuracy including I)vascular dyes,II)motion,III)ambient light interference,IV)nail polish,sensor misalignment,dysfunctional hemoglobin,low perfusion states (patient hemodynamics),and skin pigmentation.

Question 7

How do end-tidal CO₂ monitors measure the PetCO₂?
A) Heat
B) Oximetry
C) Infrared light absorption
D) Red light absorption

Accepted Answer

End-tidal CO₂ monitors use infrared light absorption to measure the PetCO₂.

Question 8

When assessment of acid-base status and/or PaO₂ is not required,what is used to assess a patient's oxygenation?
A) End-tidal CO₂
B) SpO₂
C) Vital capacity
D) Tidal volume

Accepted Answer

SpO₂ should be used to assess a patient's oxygenation when measurement of acid-base status or PaO₂ is not required.

Question 9

What is considered the standard of care during anesthesia?
A) Exhaled volume monitoring
B) Transcutaneous monitoring
C) Oximetry
D) Capnography

Accepted Answer

Capnography is considered a standard of care during anesthesia.The American Society of Anesthesiologists has suggested that capnography be available for patients with acute ventilatory failure on mechanical ventilatory support.

Question 10

Which of the following areas of the body can be used as probes sites for a pulse oximeter?
I.Ear
II.Finger
III.Toes
IV.Foot
A) I and II only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) III and IV only
D) II, III, and IV only

Accepted Answer

Common sites of measurement are the I)ears,II)fingers,and III)toes.Newborn and pediatric probes usually wrap around the IV)foot.Different probes are designed for use at specific sites.

Question 11

What principle does the pulse oximeter use to measure the oxygen saturation of a capillary bed?
A) Photospectrometry
B) Heated spectrometry
C) Sidestream sampling
D) Blood gas sampling

Accepted Answer

Pulse oximeters monitor the oxygen saturation in the arterial blood.Rather than directly measuring the saturation of the blood as a co-oximeter does (SaO₂),the pulse oximeter uses photospectrometry to measure the oxygen saturation of a capillary bed (SpO₂).

Question 12

The pulse Masimo Rad-57ᵀᴹ CO-Oximeter finger probe is placed on the patient's digit and can measure:
A) carbon monoxide.
B) methemoglobin.
C) fetal hemoglobin.
D) a and b

Accepted Answer

The Masimo Rad-57ᵀᴹ utilizes multiple wavelengths of light,enabling measurement of SpO₂,SpCO ,and SpMetᵀᴹ.The addition of multiple wavelengths of light allows non-invasive determination of dysfunctional hemoglobin (COHb and METHb).

Question 13

What noninvasive monitoring technique should be used to help confirm the ET tube is in the proper position?
A) Capnography
B) Transcutaneous C02 monitoring
C) Pulse oximetry
D) Transcutaneous 02 monitoring

Accepted Answer

Capnography can be used as an adjunct to determine that tracheal rather than esophageal intubation has taken place.

Question 14

Which of the following are indications for transcutaneous blood gas monitoring for neonatal and pediatric patients?
I.The need to monitor the adequacy of arterial oxygenation
II The need to monitor the adequacy of ventilation
III.The need to quantitate the response to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions as evidenced by PtcO₂
IV.The need to quantitate the response to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions as evidenced by PtcCO₂ values
A) I and II only
B) III and IV only
C) I, III, and IV only
D) I, II, III, and IV

Accepted Answer

Indications for transcutaneous blood gases include the need to monitor I)the adequacy of arterial oxygenation and/or II)ventilation and the need to quantitate the response to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions as evidenced by III)PtcO₂ and IV)PtcCO₂ values.

Question 15

What would allow the respiratory care practitioner to monitor in real time a patient's partial pressure of oxygen?
A) Capnography
B) Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring
C) Noninvasive monitoring
D) Arterial blood gases

Accepted Answer

Noninvasive monitoring allows the respiratory care practitioner to monitor in real time (immediately)a patient's oxygen saturation,partial pressure of oxygen,or partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Question 16

What has greatly reduced the number of arterial blood gas (ABG)samples drawn in the acute care setting?
A) Capnography
B) Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring
C) Noninvasive monitoring
D) Transcutaneous P02 monitoring

Accepted Answer

Noninvasive monitoring has greatly reduced the number of arterial blood gas (ABG)samples drawn in the acute care setting.

Question 17

What electrode does the transcutaneous O₂ monitor incorporate into its design?
A) Clark electrode
B) Severinghaus electrode
C) Sanz electrode
D) Reference electrode

Accepted Answer

The transcutaneous PO₂ monitor is a modified Clark electrode,incorporating the addition of a heating element and a thermocouple

Question 18

How do the transcutaneous PO₂ and PCO₂ arterialize the sample site?
A) Oximetry
B) Red and infrared light
C) Photospectrometry
D) Heat

Accepted Answer

The heating element of the transcutaneous CO₂ monitor and thermocouple maintain skin temperatures at 44°C.The increased temperature arterializes the vascular bed under the electrode,increasing circulation to that area.The PO₂ electrode's heating element also arterializes the sample site by increasing the skin temperature to 44°C.Oxygen diffuses through the skin and is measured by the electrode.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an indication for pulse oximetry?
A) The need to monitor the adequacy of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation.
B) The need to quantitate the response of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation to therapeutic intervention or to a diagnostic procedure
C) The need to comply with mandated regulations or recommendations by authoritative groups
D) To test for the presence of an ongoing need for measurement of total hemoglobin and abnormal hemoglobins

Accepted Answer

Indications for pulse oximetry include 1)The need to monitor the adequacy of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation,2)The need to quantitate the response of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation to therapeutic intervention or to a diagnostic procedure,and 3)The need to comply with mandated regulations or recommendations by authoritative groups.

Question 20

Which electrode does the transcutaneous CO₂ monitor incorporate into its design?
A) Clark electrode
B) Severinghaus electrode
C) Sanz electrode
D) Reference electrode

Accepted Answer

The transcutaneous CO₂ monitor is a modified PCO₂ electrode (Severinghaus electrode)with a heater incorporated into its design.

Quiz 10: Noninvasive Monitoring

Transcutaneous monitoring's limitations can be minimized by all of the following EXCEPT _______________.

What is the standard by which noninvasive monitors are compared?

Which type of end-tidal CO₂ monitor draws the exhaled gas sample from the airway through a capillary tube to an analyzer that is located near the patient?

What would be indicated for the monitoring the matching of ventilation to perfusion during independent lung ventilation for unilateral pulmonary contusion?

What is defined as ongoing assessment of the patient's condition without entry into the body (through body orifices or via puncture of the skin or vessels) ?

Which of the following are limiting factors of pulse oximeters? I.Vascular dyes II.Motion III.Ambient light IV.Nail polish

How do end-tidal CO₂ monitors measure the PetCO₂?

When assessment of acid-base status and/or PaO₂ is not required,what is used to assess a patient's oxygenation?

What is considered the standard of care during anesthesia?

Which of the following areas of the body can be used as probes sites for a pulse oximeter? I.Ear II.Finger III.Toes IV.Foot

What principle does the pulse oximeter use to measure the oxygen saturation of a capillary bed?

The pulse Masimo Rad-57ᵀᴹ CO-Oximeter finger probe is placed on the patient's digit and can measure:

What noninvasive monitoring technique should be used to help confirm the ET tube is in the proper position?

What would allow the respiratory care practitioner to monitor in real time a patient's partial pressure of oxygen?

What has greatly reduced the number of arterial blood gas (ABG) samples drawn in the acute care setting?

What electrode does the transcutaneous O₂ monitor incorporate into its design?

How do the transcutaneous PO₂ and PCO₂ arterialize the sample site?

Which of the following is NOT an indication for pulse oximetry?

Which electrode does the transcutaneous CO₂ monitor incorporate into its design?