Question 1

Which of the following management theorists established a work standard based on the effects of fatigue on work performance?

Accepted Answer

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth emphasized the benefits of job simplification and the establishment of work standards,as well as the effects of incentive wage plans and fatigue on work performance.

Question 2

A school nurse planned a health promotion program on character development for a group of seventh-graders.Which behavior most likely prompted the school nurse to develop the program?

Accepted Answer

A deterioration in language and increasingly self-destructive behavior,such as premature sexual activity,indicate a need for character development.

Question 3

The primary difference between the classical management theorists and the behavioral science theorists is that the latter:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral science theorists stress the importance of maintaining a positive attitude toward people,training managers,fitting supervisory actions to the situation,meeting employees' needs,promoting employees' sense of achievement,and obtaining commitment through participation in planning and decision making.

Question 4

Transactional leadership focuses on management tasks and trade-offs in exchange for expected performance.In transformational leadership,the nurse manager:

Accepted Answer

The leader in transformational leadership uses individualized approaches,provides a sense of direction,and encourages self-management.

Question 5

What might one find in Likert's consultative system that would be less likely in participative management systems?

Accepted Answer

Sometimes an informal organization resists the formal goals in the consultative system,whereas in the participative management system,there would be no informal organization resisting the goals of the formal organization because the goals of both are the same.

Question 6

Which management theorist focused on the organization as a whole rather than concentrating solely on production?

Accepted Answer

Max Weber,the "father of organizational theory," conceptualized bureaucracy,with its emphasis on rules instead of individuals and on competence over favoritism,as the most efficient basis for organization.

Question 7

Which theorist introduced the concept of management by objectives as a way to manage managers?

Accepted Answer

Peter Drucker introduced management by objectives as a way to manage managers.

Question 8

The staff developer prepared a presentation for the hospital regarding diversity.What is the single most important factor predicting successful implementation of a diversity program?

Accepted Answer

Administrative support is the single most important factor predicting implementation success.

Question 9

The nurse applicant revealed during a job interview that he had undergone a below-the-knee amputation.After the interview,the nurse manager thanked the nurse for coming in but said she was sorry that she would not be able to hire him (even though there were openings available).What law did the nurse manager violate?

Accepted Answer

In 1990,Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act to eliminate discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in the workplace.Applicants with disabilities have indicated that they have been refused job interviews,turned down for jobs for which they are qualified,given lesser responsibilities than others,passed over for promotions,and denied health insurance.

Question 10

Which of the following theorists stresses leadership that serves people?

Accepted Answer

Robert Greenleaf wrote Servant Leadership.Servant leadership puts serving first,takes a holistic approach,shares decision making,and builds community.

Question 11

The nurse manager demonstrates self-confidence in his ability to lead.He also describes himself as a visionary with empathy.Daniel Goleman identifies this behavior as:

Accepted Answer

According to Goleman,one necessary emotional intelligence competency is being a visionary who can mobilize others to follow a vision through self-confidence,empathy,action as a change catalyst,and visionary leadership.

Question 12

The chief nursing officer (CNO)scheduled performance evaluations for one male nurse manager and one female nurse manager.Which leadership skill would the CNO expect to find in the leadership styles of both genders?

Accepted Answer

Both male and female leaders maintain a complex network of relationships with people outside the organization.

Question 13

Unit personnel have a great deal of respect for the nurse manager.Based on Fred Fielder's contingency model of leadership,what situation helps the nurse manager to be effective?

Accepted Answer

Positional power refers to the authority inherent in a position;the power to use rewards and punishment;and the organization's support of one's decisions.

Question 14

According to Peter Senge's theory,all of the following are disciplines for building a learning organization except:

Accepted Answer

Peter Senge's theory is based on five disciplines: (1)systems thinking(2)personal mastery(3)mental models(4)shared vision,and (5)team learning and tools and strategies to build a learning organization.Daniel Goleman stressed the importance of teaching emotional competence.

Question 15

Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory predicts the most appropriate leadership style based on which of the following variables?

Accepted Answer

The situational leadership theory predicts which will be the most appropriate leadership style based on the level of maturity of the followers.

Question 16

The nurse manager sees herself as demonstrating leadership skills based on the situation.She can be a follower as well as a leader;she is aware of her behavior and the behavior of her followers.The nurse manager's leadership style is:

Accepted Answer

Integrative leadership is a holistic approach to oneself and others that requires adaptive behavior.Leaders need to be aware of their own behavior and influence on others,the individual differences of followers,group characteristics,motivation,task structures,environmental factors,and situational variables and adjust their leadership style accordingly.

Question 17

A newly hired staff nurse observed the nurse manager's leadership style.The nurse manager used rules and policies to guide the staff and expected compliance.The nurse manager's leadership style was:

Accepted Answer

The leader or manager who adopts the bureaucratic style relies on rules and policies,takes an autocratic approach to directions,and expects compliance.

Question 18

A staff nurse did not agree with the nurse manager about the new staffing policy.What is the best way for the staff nurse to handle the situation effectively?

Accepted Answer

The staff nurse should probably start with a private meeting with the nurse manager with recommendations in hand.The staff nurse would need administrative support to change the policy and should not catch the manager by surprise in public.

Question 19

Which kind of followers believe they must please the boss?

Accepted Answer

Conformist followers believe that they must always please the boss.

Question 20

Which of the following management theorists favored a division of work through specialization?

Accepted Answer

Henri Fayol believed in the division of work and argued that specialization increases efficiency.

Quiz 7: Theories of Leadership and Management Development