Question 1

If you were designing a study that would be run online,so that you would collect all your data over the Internet with participants that you never meet,which of the following research flaws would be minimized

Accepted Answer

Experimenter bias is minimized in online studies because the researchers do not interact directly with participants, reducing the chance of influencing responses or behaviors.

Question 2

According to the ethical guidelines for conducting psychological research with animals,what is the current position on exposing animals to harmful or painful procedures

Accepted Answer

The current position on exposing animals to harmful or painful procedures is that it cannot be justified unless the potential benefits of the research are substantial. This means that there must be a clear scientific rationale for the use of animals, and the potential benefits of the research must outweigh any potential harm to the animals involved. Researchers must also use the minimum number of animals necessary to achieve their research goals and minimize any harm or discomfort to the animals.

Question 3

Jarrod explains his opinion against buying a certain model of car by noting that even though the model is popular and highly rated by numerous organizations,his cousin has that model and has had a lot of problems.How is Jarrod making his decision

Accepted Answer

Jarrod is relying on a specific, personal account (his cousin's experience) rather than systematic evidence or broader data, which is characteristic of anecdotal evidence.

Question 4

What do we call a periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material in a specific field

Accepted Answer

Journals are periodicals that specialize in publishing technical and scholarly material in a specific field. They are peer-reviewed, meaning that articles are critically analyzed by experts in the same field before they are accepted for publication. Magazines and blogs, on the other hand, are less formal and typically cover a broader range of topics. Publication is a general term that can refer to any written work that is distributed to the public.

Question 5

What is reflected by the organization or standard format of journal articles describing psychological research

Accepted Answer

The organization or standard format of journal articles in psychology reflects the steps involved in conducting scientific research, such as the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. This format ensures that research is conducted according to established scientific principles and can be replicated by other researchers.

Question 6

What is one of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA)ethical principles

Accepted Answer

Protection for the dignity, privacy, and personal liberty of research participants is one of the key ethical principles of the CPA, ensuring that individuals are treated with respect and autonomy in research settings. While the other options (A, B, and D) are also important ethical considerations, they are not specifically related to the CPA's principles.

Question 7

The double blind procedure was developed by researchers because of which unifying theme in psychology

Accepted Answer

The double-blind procedure was developed to minimize the effects of biases and expectations, both from the participants and the researchers, acknowledging that our perceptions and experiences can significantly influence outcomes in psychological research. This method ensures that neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment, thus reducing subjective bias and increasing the reliability of the results.

Question 8

Which section of a journal article describing psychological research contains the author's interpretation and evaluation of the data

Accepted Answer

The discussion section of a journal article includes the author's interpretation and evaluation of the data gathered during the research. It is where the author discusses the implications of the findings, compares the results to previous research, and offers possible explanations for the outcomes. The conclusion section summarizes the main findings of the study, while the results section presents the raw data collected. The references section lists the sources cited in the article.

Question 9

Which statement best describes most journal articles in psychology

Accepted Answer

Most journal articles in psychology are reports that describe original empirical studies, meaning they present the results of research studies that the authors conducted themselves. These studies may involve experiments, surveys, or other methods of data collection. The purpose of these articles is to contribute new knowledge to the field of psychology by presenting evidence to support or refute theories or hypotheses.

Question 10

Which statement does NOT accurately describe the use of deception in psychological research

Accepted Answer

This statement is not accurate. Although critics of deception may raise concerns about the validity of conclusions drawn from studies involving deception, not all critics argue this point. Some may instead focus on ethical concerns such as the potential harm to participants or the erosion of trust that may result from being deceived.

Question 11

Which statement best describes the use of animals in psychological research

Accepted Answer

Ethical principles do exist for conducting animal research, and animals are used in research if there is evidence that the results will benefit both humans and other animals. The use of animals is regulated and monitored to ensure they are treated humanely and with minimal harm. It is not true that animals are used only for procedures that are too harmful for human participants, and psychologists do not always prefer animal research over human research.

Question 12

With which unifying theme in psychology are the various methods and procedures used in conducting psychological research and evaluating the research of other psychologists consistent

Accepted Answer

The unifying theme in psychology that relates to the various methods and procedures used in conducting psychological research and evaluating the research of other psychologists is that psychology is empirical. This means that psychology is a science grounded on empirical evidence obtained through systematic and objective procedures of observation, measurement, and experimentation. As such, psychological research relies on the collection of data through various methods and procedures, such as surveys, experiments, case studies, observations, and interviews, to test hypotheses and theories about human behaviour and mental processes. Moreover, psychologists use critical thinking, skepticism, and peer review to evaluate the validity and reliability of research findings and to build a cumulative body of knowledge in the field. Therefore, the empirical nature of psychology allows for the integration and advancement of different approaches and perspectives, as long as they are supported by empirical evidence.

Question 13

Which section of a journal article involving psychological research provides a brief summary to the research project

Accepted Answer

The abstract of a journal article provides a brief summary of the research project, including the research question or hypothesis, the methods used, the results, and the conclusion. This section serves as a preview of the content of the article and helps readers determine if the article is relevant to their interests or research.

Question 14

Who is famous for her use of naturalistic observation as used to study the social and family life and behaviour of chimpanzees

Accepted Answer

Jane Goodall is known for her extensive use of naturalistic observation as a research method to study the social and family life and behavior of chimpanzees. She has spent decades studying and observing the behavior of these primates in their natural habitat, providing valuable insights into their complex social structures and behavior patterns.

Question 15

What is the primary ethical dilemma that psychologists encounter regarding the use of deception in research

Accepted Answer

The primary ethical dilemma that psychologists encounter regarding the use of deception in research is whether there is a possibility of inflicting harm on subjects. Deception can cause psychological harm to participants, particularly when they feel violated or betrayed when they discover the truth. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the potential benefits of the research outweigh any possible harm or discomfort that may occur due to deception. Researchers must take measures to minimize potential harms, such as providing debriefing sessions and obtaining informed consent.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an example of a placebo effect

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon where a person experiences a positive outcome (such as symptom relief) after receiving an inactive substance or treatment that they believe is a genuine treatment. Option B describes the use of an actual medication, so it does not qualify as a placebo effect. The other options (A, C, and D) all involve the use of a placebo to produce a positive outcome.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the subtests of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE),a standardized test used in some schools in Canada to screen graduate school applicants

Accepted Answer

The correct name of the subtest is "Quantitative," not "Qualitative." Therefore, option B is not one of the subtests of the GRE. The other three options - verbal, analytical, and quantitative - are subtests of the GRE.

Question 18

Which statement does NOT accurately describe field experiments

Accepted Answer

This statement is inaccurate as field experiments are often considered more generalizable to real life than lab studies as they take place in natural settings. The other statements accurately describe field experiments.

Question 19

According to the ethical guidelines for psychological research with humans,if you agree to be a participant in a research study then which of the following must be promised

Accepted Answer

Participants in psychological research must be protected from harm and dangerous treatments without their knowledge, ensuring their safety and well-being during the study.

Quiz 2: B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology