Question 1

Imagine that a group of researchers designed a study to test the effectiveness of subliminal-message weight-loss tapes.Half the participants receive real tapes,and half receive similar tapes with the subliminal messages removed.The experimenter keeps track of which participant is in which group.All the participants are told that their tapes contain subliminal messages.What type of study is this

Accepted Answer

This is because the participants are all aware that they are receiving weight-loss tapes with subliminal messages, but they do not know whether or not their tape actually contains subliminal messages. Therefore, the study is blinded to the participants, making it a single-blind study.

Question 2

Dr.Klassen is conducting a study on attitudes about drug use.She wants to administer a survey.Which group of issues should she pay most attention to when she is designing her study

Accepted Answer

The group of issues Dr.Klassen should pay most attention to are representative sampling, self-report bias, and response set. Representative sampling is important in order to obtain a sample that accurately reflects the population of interest. Self-report bias refers to the tendency for some individuals to respond to survey questions in a way that is socially desirable, rather than truthful. Response set refers to the tendency for participants to respond to all survey items in a similar way, regardless of the content of the item. These issues are important to consider in order to ensure that the results of the survey are accurate and valid.

Question 3

What are the relative weaknesses and strengths of descriptive/correlational research as opposed to experimental research
 Under what conditions would a psychologist choose one method as opposed to the other

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the relative weaknesses and strengths...

Question 4

Which research method is the Isometsa et al.(1995)study of detailed case histories of all known suicide cases in Finland within an entire year a good example of

Accepted Answer

The Isometsa et al. (1995) study is a good example of the case study method as it involves detailed case histories of all known suicide cases in Finland within an entire year. This method involves in-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, or situation and can provide rich, detailed data that can be used to understand complex phenomena.

Question 5

Dr. Amalie
Dr. Amalie is a social psychologist who is interested in the effects of group size on efficiency and on the satisfaction of individual group members. In a study conducted by Dr. Amalie's research team, three different group sizes were used. Large groups had 20 people, medium groups had ten people, and small groups had four people. There were ten sessions run with each type of group, and each group contained different individuals, so the total number of groups was 30 and the total number of participants was 340. All participants were students at the school where Dr. Amalie works. The groups were told that they needed to come to agreement about which movie to select for an upcoming student movie night. The time that it took each group to come to a decision was recorded. Afterward, each subject was asked to rate his or her satisfaction with the group's decision (on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is totally satisfied).
The results were as follows:
Mean time required to come to an agreement (all differences are statistically significant):
Large groups: 20.7 minutes
Medium groups: 16.4 
minutes
Small groups: 10.3 
minutes
Mean satisfaction rating for individuals (all differences are statistically significant):
In large groups: 4.6
In medium groups: 7.5
In small groups: 8.8
-What is a measure of central tendency from this study

Accepted Answer

Measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode. The satisfaction rating for large groups (4.6) is an example of a mean, which is a measure of central tendency.

Question 6

Design a simple experiment to investigate the effects of television violence on children's aggressive behaviour,being sure to identify the independent and dependent variables,and the experimental and control groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Design a simple experiment to investigate the...

Question 7

Describe the problems in research associated with placebo effects and experimenter bias.Explain how you would attempt to prevent these problems within a research design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the problems in research associated with...

Question 8

Dr.Friesen wants to investigate whether store clerks behave in a discriminatory manner toward teenagers.He is trying to decide between using naturalistic observation and using a questionnaire.What would be the best choice

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation would allow Dr. Friesen to directly observe and record the behavior of the store clerks without any potential biases or self-report errors that may occur with questionnaires. Additionally, clerks may be less likely to behave in a discriminatory manner if they know they are being observed, thus naturalistic observation allows for more accurate data collection.

Question 9

Imagine that a group of researchers conducted a study designed to test the effectiveness of subliminal-message weight-loss tapes.Suppose the researchers found that everyone lost weight during the study,even those who were given tapes without any subliminal messages.What could we conclude from the results

Accepted Answer

The fact that everyone lost weight during the study, even those who received tapes without subliminal messages, suggests that there may be a placebo effect at play. This means that simply believing that the tapes will help promote weight loss could be enough to cause some people to lose weight, regardless of whether or not they actually contain subliminal messages.

Question 10

Dr. Amalie
Dr. Amalie is a social psychologist who is interested in the effects of group size on efficiency and on the satisfaction of individual group members. In a study conducted by Dr. Amalie's research team, three different group sizes were used. Large groups had 20 people, medium groups had ten people, and small groups had four people. There were ten sessions run with each type of group, and each group contained different individuals, so the total number of groups was 30 and the total number of participants was 340. All participants were students at the school where Dr. Amalie works. The groups were told that they needed to come to agreement about which movie to select for an upcoming student movie night. The time that it took each group to come to a decision was recorded. Afterward, each subject was asked to rate his or her satisfaction with the group's decision (on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is totally satisfied).
The results were as follows:
Mean time required to come to an agreement (all differences are statistically significant):
Large groups: 20.7 minutes
Medium groups: 16.4 
minutes
Small groups: 10.3 
minutes
Mean satisfaction rating for individuals (all differences are statistically significant):
In large groups: 4.6
In medium groups: 7.5
In small groups: 8.8
-What is the independent variable in this study

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in this study is group size, as it is being manipulated and compared to see its effects on both efficiency and individual satisfaction.

Question 11

Design a simple descriptive/correlational study to investigate the relationship between television violence and children's aggressive behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Design a simple descriptive/correlational study to investigate...

Question 12

Dr. Amalie
Dr. Amalie is a social psychologist who is interested in the effects of group size on efficiency and on the satisfaction of individual group members. In a study conducted by Dr. Amalie's research team, three different group sizes were used. Large groups had 20 people, medium groups had ten people, and small groups had four people. There were ten sessions run with each type of group, and each group contained different individuals, so the total number of groups was 30 and the total number of participants was 340. All participants were students at the school where Dr. Amalie works. The groups were told that they needed to come to agreement about which movie to select for an upcoming student movie night. The time that it took each group to come to a decision was recorded. Afterward, each subject was asked to rate his or her satisfaction with the group's decision (on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is totally satisfied).
The results were as follows:
Mean time required to come to an agreement (all differences are statistically significant):
Large groups: 20.7 minutes
Medium groups: 16.4 
minutes
Small groups: 10.3 
minutes
Mean satisfaction rating for individuals (all differences are statistically significant):
In large groups: 4.6
In medium groups: 7.5
In small groups: 8.8
-How many dependent variables are used in this study

Accepted Answer

Two dependent variables were measured in this study: time to reach a decision and satisfaction rating.

Question 13

What is the difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation
 List some specific variables that you predict would be positively correlated,and variables that would be negatively correlated,with alcohol consumption by college students.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between a positive...

Question 14

Dr. Amalie
Dr. Amalie is a social psychologist who is interested in the effects of group size on efficiency and on the satisfaction of individual group members. In a study conducted by Dr. Amalie's research team, three different group sizes were used. Large groups had 20 people, medium groups had ten people, and small groups had four people. There were ten sessions run with each type of group, and each group contained different individuals, so the total number of groups was 30 and the total number of participants was 340. All participants were students at the school where Dr. Amalie works. The groups were told that they needed to come to agreement about which movie to select for an upcoming student movie night. The time that it took each group to come to a decision was recorded. Afterward, each subject was asked to rate his or her satisfaction with the group's decision (on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is totally satisfied).
The results were as follows:
Mean time required to come to an agreement (all differences are statistically significant):
Large groups: 20.7 minutes
Medium groups: 16.4 
minutes
Small groups: 10.3 
minutes
Mean satisfaction rating for individuals (all differences are statistically significant):
In large groups: 4.6
In medium groups: 7.5
In small groups: 8.8
-In this study,what is the operational definition of efficiency

Accepted Answer

In this study, the operational definition of efficiency is the speed of decision-making, as measured by the time required for each group to come to an agreement.

Question 15

What is NOT a reason that self-report data are often unreliable

Accepted Answer

The tendency for subjects to report an answer of "false" over "true" is not a reason that self-report data are often unreliable. In fact, it is the opposite - people may be more likely to report an answer of "true" over "false" due to social desirability bias.

Question 16

Which statement best explains why there are limitations to anecdotal evidence

Accepted Answer

Anecdotal evidence, like case studies and self-report data, suffers from limitations such as small sample sizes, lack of control, and potential biases. Therefore, anecdotal evidence cannot be generalized to a larger population and cannot be taken as conclusive evidence.

Question 17

Dr. Amalie
Dr. Amalie is a social psychologist who is interested in the effects of group size on efficiency and on the satisfaction of individual group members. In a study conducted by Dr. Amalie's research team, three different group sizes were used. Large groups had 20 people, medium groups had ten people, and small groups had four people. There were ten sessions run with each type of group, and each group contained different individuals, so the total number of groups was 30 and the total number of participants was 340. All participants were students at the school where Dr. Amalie works. The groups were told that they needed to come to agreement about which movie to select for an upcoming student movie night. The time that it took each group to come to a decision was recorded. Afterward, each subject was asked to rate his or her satisfaction with the group's decision (on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is totally satisfied).
The results were as follows:
Mean time required to come to an agreement (all differences are statistically significant):
Large groups: 20.7 minutes
Medium groups: 16.4 
minutes
Small groups: 10.3 
minutes
Mean satisfaction rating for individuals (all differences are statistically significant):
In large groups: 4.6
In medium groups: 7.5
In small groups: 8.8
-There appears to be a correlation between efficiency and satisfaction,such that the less time required to make a decision,the greater the satisfaction of the group members.Which correlation coefficient would reflect this relationship

Accepted Answer

The negative correlation coefficient (-0.79) reflects the relationship where as one variable increases (time required to make a decision), the other variable (satisfaction of the group members) decreases.

Question 18

Dr. Amalie
Dr. Amalie is a social psychologist who is interested in the effects of group size on efficiency and on the satisfaction of individual group members. In a study conducted by Dr. Amalie's research team, three different group sizes were used. Large groups had 20 people, medium groups had ten people, and small groups had four people. There were ten sessions run with each type of group, and each group contained different individuals, so the total number of groups was 30 and the total number of participants was 340. All participants were students at the school where Dr. Amalie works. The groups were told that they needed to come to agreement about which movie to select for an upcoming student movie night. The time that it took each group to come to a decision was recorded. Afterward, each subject was asked to rate his or her satisfaction with the group's decision (on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is totally satisfied).
The results were as follows:
Mean time required to come to an agreement (all differences are statistically significant):
Large groups: 20.7 minutes
Medium groups: 16.4 
minutes
Small groups: 10.3 
minutes
Mean satisfaction rating for individuals (all differences are statistically significant):
In large groups: 4.6
In medium groups: 7.5
In small groups: 8.8
-Which type of study did Dr.Amalie's research team conduct

Accepted Answer

Dr. Amalie's research team conducted an experiment because they manipulated the independent variable (group size) and measured the dependent variables (time to come to a decision and satisfaction rating) while controlling for extraneous variables.

Question 19

Dr. Amalie
Dr. Amalie is a social psychologist who is interested in the effects of group size on efficiency and on the satisfaction of individual group members. In a study conducted by Dr. Amalie's research team, three different group sizes were used. Large groups had 20 people, medium groups had ten people, and small groups had four people. There were ten sessions run with each type of group, and each group contained different individuals, so the total number of groups was 30 and the total number of participants was 340. All participants were students at the school where Dr. Amalie works. The groups were told that they needed to come to agreement about which movie to select for an upcoming student movie night. The time that it took each group to come to a decision was recorded. Afterward, each subject was asked to rate his or her satisfaction with the group's decision (on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is totally satisfied).
The results were as follows:
Mean time required to come to an agreement (all differences are statistically significant):
Large groups: 20.7 minutes
Medium groups: 16.4 
minutes
Small groups: 10.3 
minutes
Mean satisfaction rating for individuals (all differences are statistically significant):
In large groups: 4.6
In medium groups: 7.5
In small groups: 8.8
-What conclusion can you draw from the results of this study

Accepted Answer

The results show that larger groups take significantly longer to come to a decision compared to smaller groups. There is no evidence given to support options A or C, and option B is not a viable conclusion based solely on the results provided.

Quiz 2: A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology