Question 1

Which statement would Sigmund Freud NOT have made

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that a significant portion of our behavior was irrational and based on unconscious desires, which would contradict the statement that most of our behavior is rational and sensible.

Question 2

Malachi is an executive for a major corporation.He constantly needs to find ways to make money for the corporation while taking into consideration factors such as laws and financial resources.Which portion of Freud's personality model makes "decisions" like these

Accepted Answer

The ego, according to Freud's model, is responsible for decision-making and rational thinking. It considers external factors such as laws and financial resources when making decisions, which is exactly what Malachi, as an executive, needs to do in order to make money for the corporation. The superego is focused on moral values, while the id is driven by instinctual and impulsive desires. The preconscious, on the other hand, contains information that is not currently in the conscious mind but can be easily retrieved.

Question 3

When Braden was 9 years old,he saw one of his classmates get hit by a bus.Today,at the age of 34,he has no memory of the accident.The evening news carried a flashback of the accident that happened 25 years ago,and Braden still didn't remember being at the scene when the accident happened.Where is Braden's memory of the accident contained,according to Freud

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, memories that are repressed or forgotten are stored in the unconscious mind, which is outside of our conscious awareness. Therefore, Braden's memory of the accident is likely contained in his unconscious mind.

Question 4

Complete the following analogy: Id is to pleasure principle as ____________.

Accepted Answer

The pleasure principle is guided by the id, which seeks immediate gratification of our instinctual urges without regard for reality or consequences. In order to navigate the demands of the external world and balance the desires of the id with the expectations of reality, the ego develops the reality principle. Meanwhile, the superego represents the cultural and moral values that we internalize from society and works to inhibit an individual's id impulses. Therefore, the ego is to reality principle as the superego is to morality principle.

Question 5

What portion of the personality mediates between instinctual demands and the world of reality,according to Freud

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's structural theory of the mind, the ego mediates between the instinctual demands of the id and the demands of reality presented by the external world. The ego operates on the reality principle, seeking to satisfy the id's demands in ways that are realistic and socially acceptable. The superego, on the other hand, represents our internalized sense of morality and social norms, while the ego ideal is a fantasy representation of our idealized self-image.

Question 6

Molly is currently thinking about all the things she has to do before she goes to her first class.She is mentally making lists of all these things so that she will remember to do them on her way to school.Where are these thoughts contained in Molly's mind,according to Freud

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molly is currently thinking about all the...

Question 7

Which defence mechanism involves giving yourself a plausible excuse that hides the real reasons for your behaviour

Accepted Answer

Rationalization involves giving oneself a seemingly logical or socially acceptable reason for a behavior or situation that may be less acceptable than the true motivation or reason. This defense mechanism allows people to hide their true motivations or actions behind a plausible explanation.

Question 8

From which individual's work did all modern psychodynamic theories of personality derive from

Accepted Answer

All modern psychodynamic theories of personality derive from the work of Sigmund Freud, who developed the concept of the unconscious mind, the role of childhood experiences in shaping personality, and the use of techniques such as free association and dream analysis in therapy. While other theorists, such as Karen Horney, have contributed to the development of psychodynamic theories, their work is still built upon the foundational ideas and principles established by Freud.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key concept in Freudian theory

Accepted Answer

Conflict is a key concept in Freudian theory, as it is through the resolution of unconscious conflicts that one can achieve psychological growth and well-being. Freud believed that these conflicts are often rooted in early childhood experiences and the interplay between different parts of the psyche, such as the ego, id, and superego.

Question 10

Freud ascribed great importance to sexual and aggressive impulses.Why did he focus on those impulses

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that sexual and aggressive impulses were the two primary motivators of human behavior. He focused on these impulses because he believed that they tend to be frustrated or repressed by society, family, and our own psychological defense mechanisms. In turn, this frustration and repression can lead to psychological problems such as neurosis and anxiety.

Question 11

What is NOT stressed by psychoanalytic theory

Accepted Answer

Conscious thought patterns are not the primary focus of psychoanalytic theory. Instead, the theory emphasizes unconscious thought patterns and the way in which they affect behavior and mental health.

Question 12

What term would Freud have used for finding ways to meet instinctual needs while taking into account the conditions of the external,social world

Accepted Answer

The term that Freud would have used for finding ways to meet instinctual needs while taking into account the conditions of the external, social world is the "reality principle." The reality principle is the capacity of the ego to provide realistic and reasonable ways of satisfying our desires, while taking into account the constraints of the social and material world. The ego seeks to balance the demands of the id (pleasure principle) with the realities of the external world in order to avoid negative consequences and achieve long-term gratification.

Question 13

According to Freud,what do we experience if we feel that a forbidden impulse could get out of control and be expressed in our behaviour

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, if we feel that a forbidden impulse could get out of control and be expressed in our behavior, we experience anxiety. Freud believed that anxiety was a signal from the unconscious mind that something unacceptable was trying to emerge into the conscious mind.

Question 14

Kato sets extremely high standards for both himself and others.He tends to be rigid and inflexible and rarely allows himself to enjoy life.Which structure would Freud say dominates Kato's personality

Accepted Answer

Kato's personality is dominated by his superego, which represents the internalized moral standards and ideals of society. He sets high standards for himself and others, which aligns with the superego's demand for perfection and adherence to societal norms. His rigidity and inflexibility can also be attributed to the superego's desire to maintain moral order and control.

Question 15

Having performed poorly on an exam,Helen attempts to protect her feelings of self-worth by telling herself that it does not matter because the course really is not that important to her.What defence mechanism is Helen using

Accepted Answer

Helen is using rationalization to protect her self-esteem by justifying her poor performance as insignificant and less important. Rationalization is a defense mechanism that involves justifying or explaining a behavior or event in a way that makes it less threatening to one's self-concept.

Question 16

Sarah is torn between the need to study for an exam and her desire to go out with her friends.She decides that she will go out later only if she completes her studying.Which Freudian component of Sarah's personality does this example illustrate

Accepted Answer

The ego is the component of a person's personality that tries to balance the conflicting demands of the id and the superego. In this example, Sarah's ego is making the decision to prioritize studying over going out with friends, in order to meet both her academic responsibilities and her social desires.

Question 17

Gordon hadn't thought about the band Spider Wings for several months.However,as soon as Donovon mentioned it,Gordon instantly thought about the great time he had at their last concert.According to Freud,where in Gordon's mind was the memory of the concert contained before Donovon mentioned the Spider Wings

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of the mind, memories that are not in current awareness but can be retrieved with ease when needed are stored in the preconscious. In this case, Gordon had not actively been thinking about the Spider Wings concert but was able to retrieve the memory as soon as it was mentioned, indicating it was in his preconscious before Donovan brought it to his conscious awareness.

Question 18

Tessa is trying to decide whether to go to the gym or stay home and eat ice cream.She has the nagging thought that people who indulge in temporary pleasures rather than working toward self-improvement are lazy and morally corrupt.Which Freudian personality structure does this "nagging thought" represent

Accepted Answer

The superego is the ethical and moral component of Freud's theory, representing the internalization of societal and parental ideals. It seeks to control the impulses of the id and ensures that individuals behave in a socially acceptable manner. Tessa's "nagging thought" that people who indulge in temporary pleasures are lazy and morally corrupt represents the influence of the superego, as it is instilling a sense of guilt in her for even considering staying home and eating ice cream instead of going to the gym.

Question 19

Cari often has temper tantrums and pouts when she can't have her own way.She often behaves impulsively and becomes extremely impatient if she can't have the things that she wants immediately.What dominates Cari's personality,according to Freud's view of the personality

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, the personality consists of three components: the id, ego, and superego. The id is the primitive and instinctual part of the personality that seeks immediate gratification and is dominated by impulses and desires. Cari's behavior of having temper tantrums, impatience, and behaving impulsively when she can't have what she wants immediately indicates that the id dominates her personality.

Question 20

How do defence mechanisms combat feelings of anxiety and guilt

Accepted Answer

Defence mechanisms combat feelings of anxiety and guilt through self-deception. They rely on distortion, denial, or minimization of unpleasant emotions or impulses. This defense mechanism helps individuals avoid facing uncomfortable truths about themselves, which in turn alleviates anxiety or guilt.

Quiz 12: A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment