Question 1

As Serena enters a homeless shelter seeking help,she looks around at the other people who are staying there and thinks,"I don't want to be here.These people are lazy and dangerous." Even though Serena requires the assistance of the shelter,she doesn't see herself as being similar to the other people who are in the same situation.Which of the following is this consistent with

Accepted Answer

The answer of As Serena enters a homeless shelter seeking...

Question 2

According to the self-serving bias,when do people tend to make external attributions

Accepted Answer

According to the self-serving bias, people tend to make external attributions when they fail in order to maintain their self-esteem and protect their self-image. They may attribute their failure to external factors such as bad luck, difficult circumstances, or the actions of others, rather than taking personal responsibility.

Question 3

Because of the fundamental attribution error,if you observe a construction worker relaxing under a tree,what would you be most likely to conclude about that worker

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is a cognitive bias that leads people to attribute others' actions to their character or personality, rather than to external factors. Therefore, observing a construction worker relaxing under a tree, one might be more likely to conclude that he is lazy (an internal, character-based explanation) rather than considering external factors such as the weather or work schedules.

Question 4

Stella and André have been a couple for several years.Their love is characterized by warm feelings and affection.They enjoy spending time together and describe themselves as lovers and friends.Which term best describes Stella and André's love

Accepted Answer

Stella and André's love is characterized by warmth, affection, and a strong friendship, which aligns with the traits of companionate love. This type of love is often seen in long-term relationships where the initial passion may have faded, but the couple's bond remains strong. The other options don't fully match the description of their love - attached love may refer to an unhealthy dependence, mature love is a vague term, and passionate love typically involves intense feelings of excitement and infatuation.

Question 5

What is demonstrated by an individual who has a tendency to blame victims for their misfortune,so that the individual feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way

Accepted Answer

A tendency to blame victims for their misfortune and attribute their negative experiences to their own behavior is indicative of a defensive attribution. This allows the individual to maintain a belief in a just world where good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people, reducing their own anxiety about the possibility of being victimized in a similar way.

Question 6

What does a person demonstrate when she has a tendency to attribute her success to her skills and her failure to bad luck

Accepted Answer

The person is demonstrating the self-serving bias, which is the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors (such as skills) and one's failures to external factors (such as bad luck). This bias allows individuals to maintain a positive self-image and preserve their self-esteem.

Question 7

Which of the following couples is likely to be most happy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following couples is likely...

Question 8

If Mike and Fred both had car accidents,which of the following represents how Mike would explain both accidents based on the fundamental attribution error and actor-observer bias

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute other people's actions to their character or personality, while underestimating situational factors. The actor-observer bias is a specific form of the fundamental attribution error where an individual attributes their own actions to external situations (situational factors) and others' actions to internal factors (personality or character). Therefore, Mike would likely explain his own accident as being caused by external factors (e.g., bad weather, poor road conditions) and Fred's accident as being caused by internal factors (e.g., carelessness, lack of skill).

Question 9

Nicole tends to attribute her friends' behaviour to their personalities,rather than to the situations that they are in.What type of error does Nicole tend to make

Accepted Answer

Nicole tends to make the fundamental attribution error, which involves attributing others' behavior solely to their personalities and traits, rather than taking situational factors into account. This is a common cognitive bias that influences how we perceive and judge others.

Question 10

According to the fundamental attribution error,what explanation would you likely use when an acquaintance fails an exam

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error suggests that individuals tend to attribute others' actions to internal, stable characteristics, rather than external factors. In this case, selecting option B, which suggests a lack of intelligence, would be an example of this bias. Options A, C, and D suggest external factors that could have contributed to the acquaintance's exam failure and therefore would not be in line with the fundamental attribution error.

Question 11

Which of the following best exemplifies interpersonal attraction

Accepted Answer

"Birds of a feather flock together" suggests that people are attracted to others who share similar qualities, interests, or backgrounds. This is a common basis for interpersonal attraction and has been supported by research findings.

Question 12

Which type of love is characterized by a couple's complete absorption in one another and includes strong emotions and tender sexual feelings

Accepted Answer

Passionate love is characterized by intense emotions and sexual attraction between a couple. It often involves a period of complete absorption in each other.

Question 13

Kerry says that anyone who loses money on an Internet scam must be an idiot.He knows that he would never be taken advantage of like that.Which of the following is best illustrated by Kerry's belief

Accepted Answer

Defensive attribution is when people attribute a negative event to the victim's behavior or characteristics to feel less vulnerable to the same event happening to them. Kerry believes that only "idiots" fall for scams, which makes him feel secure that he won't be scammed.

Question 14

Which of the following proposes that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness will select each other as partners

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis proposes that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness will select each other as partners. This is based on the idea that people are motivated to form relationships with individuals who are similar to them in various ways, which includes physical attractiveness. Therefore, individuals will try to match themselves with partners who are of similar attractiveness levels.

Question 15

Although physical attractiveness strongly influences interpersonal attraction,many individuals of average and below-average attractiveness are involved in long-term relationships.What hypothesis explains this apparent paradox

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis states that people are attracted to others who are similar to them in terms of attractiveness, socioeconomic status, education level, etc. Therefore, individuals who are of average or below-average attractiveness are likely to be in long-term relationships with partners who also have similar levels of attractiveness.

Question 16

Which type of love involves a romantic relationship characterized by high levels of commitment and intimacy

Accepted Answer

Companionate love is the type of love that is characterized by high levels of commitment and intimacy. It is a mature form of love that involves feelings of deep attachment, trust, and mutual respect between partners. Passionate love, on the other hand, is often characterized by intense emotions and physical attraction, but may not necessarily involve high levels of commitment or intimacy. Erotic love refers specifically to sexual attraction and desire, and may or may not be part of a romantic relationship. Therefore, the best choice is B, companionate love.

Question 17

Mike was in a car accident.According to the actor-observer bias,who is most likely to attribute the accident to external causes

Accepted Answer

The actor-observer bias suggests that individuals (actors) tend to attribute their own actions and outcomes to external factors. Therefore, Mike is most likely to attribute the accident to external causes, such as the weather or the behavior of other drivers, rather than his own driving.

Question 18

You see on the news that a local high school athlete just received a university scholarship to play basketball,while none of his teammates received scholarships.If you believe he received a scholarship due to his outstanding natural ability,what kind of attribution are you making

Accepted Answer

The attribution made in this scenario is that the athlete received the scholarship due to his outstanding natural ability. This implies an internal cause (his ability) and a stable cause (it is not likely to change).

Question 19

According to Sternberg,which component of love peaks early in a relationship and then decreases

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, passion is one of the three components of love along with intimacy and commitment. Passion refers to the intense physical and emotional attraction and sexual desire between partners. It is characterized by arousal, excitement, and infatuation, and tends to peak early in a relationship. Over time, passion usually decreases and becomes more stable. This can be due to various factors such as familiarity, routine, and changes in attraction and sexual desire. On the other hand, intimacy and commitment can continue to grow and deepen in a long-term relationship.

Question 20

Which statement does NOT accurately describe cultural variations in attribution

Accepted Answer

The statement that people from collectivist societies appear to be more likely to make the fundamental attribution error is not accurate. Research actually shows that people from individualistic societies are more likely to make this error.

Quiz 13: B: Social Behaviour