Question 1

Which statement best describes antisocial personalities

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personalities tend to have a lack of empathy and concern for others, which means they often engage in manipulative or exploitative behavior without feeling guilt or remorse. They may also struggle to form genuine emotional connections with others, despite appearing charming on the surface. This answer accurately describes these traits. The other statements are inaccurate: A is too extreme and only covers a small subset of antisocial personalities, B does not necessarily apply to all antisocial personalities, and D suggests that antisocial personalities are primarily motivated by fear, which is not necessarily the case.

Question 2

Which statement best explains why some people believe there is a link between vaccinations and the development of autism

Accepted Answer

Some people believe that there is a link between vaccinations and the development of autism because the symptoms of autism tend to emerge around the same age when vaccinations are administered, leading to a potential correlation between the two events. However, scientific research has consistently shown that there is no causal link between vaccinations and autism.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of a culture-bound disorder

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is not considered a culture-bound disorder as it appears to occur universally across different cultures and ethnic groups. Anorexia nervosa is more prevalent in Western cultures, while koro is found more commonly in Asian cultures, and windingo is a culture-specific disorder among Native American communities.

Question 4

Zachary is 16 years old and has a lot of difficulty with social interactions.He has a hard time understanding the perspective of other people and he often engages in repetitive behaviours that others find very odd.Which disorder best fits Zachary's behaviour

Accepted Answer

Zachary's difficulty with social interactions, lack of perspective-taking skills, and engaging in repetitive behaviors are all symptoms commonly associated with autistic spectrum disorder. OCD involves persistent and unwanted thoughts or urges leading to repetitive behaviors, but does not usually involve difficulty with social interactions. Borderline personality disorder involves unstable moods, behavior, and relationships, but does not typically involve difficulty with perspective-taking or repetitive behaviors. Dissociative identity disorder involves the presence of multiple distinct identities, but does not involve the symptoms described for Zachary.

Question 5

What is the category of disorders that includes the former Asperger's disorder

Accepted Answer

Asperger's disorder is now referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder and falls under the category of neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically within the autistic spectrum.

Question 6

Paxton comes from a home where discipline was erratic,and he was physically abused by his parents.His parents were also self-centred and exploitive.Which disorder is associated with this pattern of childhood experience

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with a pattern of childhood experiences that includes inconsistent and erratic discipline, as well as physical abuse and exploitation by caregivers. This can lead to a lack of empathy and disregard for the rights of others, which are key features of antisocial personality disorder. Paranoid schizophrenia, somatoform disorders, and bipolar disorder are not typically associated with this specific type of childhood experience.

Question 7

The prevalence estimates of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are roughly comparable across diverse cultures.Which view of psychological disorders does this finding support

Accepted Answer

The fact that prevalence estimates of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are roughly comparable across diverse cultures supports the pancultural view of psychological disorders. This view suggests that some disorders are universal, and have similar symptoms and prevalence across different cultures and societies.

Question 8

Which condition has been recognized as causes of automatism,and could be used as a defence in court

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking and carbon monoxide poisoning are recognized conditions that can cause automatism and could be considered as a defense in court. Antisocial personality disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and mental retardation may not necessarily cause automatism and may not be considered as a defense in court.

Question 9

Which disorder is rarely seen outside affluent Western cultures

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is rarely seen outside affluent Western cultures. This disorder is culturally specific and often associated with a preoccupation with body image and thinness, which is more prevalent in Western societies. Bipolar illness, depression, and schizophrenia are seen in various cultures around the world.

Question 10

In the past nine months,Andrew has been fired by three different employers.He was unreliable and often missed work,and each employer finally let him go when they found he had been stealing money and materials.Andrew feels no remorse over his actions,but he has managed to convince each of his former employers that he is sorry for his actions,and none of the employers plans to press any charges.Which diagnosis is consistent with Andrew's behaviour

Accepted Answer

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) often exhibit traits of deceitfulness, manipulation, and dishonesty. They may also lack empathy or guilt for their actions, similar to Andrew's behavior. This diagnosis is consistent with Andrew's tendency to steal, lack of remorse, and ability to convince his employers that he is sorry for his actions without truly feeling remorseful.

Question 11

What is suggested by the pancultural view of psychological disorders

Accepted Answer

The pancultural view suggests that there are fundamental standards of what is considered normal and abnormal behavior that apply across different cultures, indicating a universal aspect to the understanding and categorization of psychological disorders.

Question 12

Which personality disorder includes fear of abandonment as a key symptom

Accepted Answer

Fear of abandonment is a key symptom of borderline personality disorder. Individuals with this disorder may have intense fears of being left alone and will go to great lengths to try to prevent it, such as clinging to others or engaging in impulsive behaviors to keep people close.

Question 13

What does the legal status of insanity indicate

Accepted Answer

The legal status of insanity indicates that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness. It is a defense used in criminal trials when the defendant's mental state at the time of the crime is in question. The defendant must be unable to understand the nature and consequences of his or her actions, and must also be unable to distinguish right from wrong at the time the crime was committed. This defense is not available for chronic mental illness or dangerousness.

Question 14

Which disorder would be most likely to cause a person to be declared unfit to stand trial

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenic disorder is a serious mental illness that can significantly impair an individual's ability to understand and participate in legal proceedings. Persons with schizophrenia may struggle with paranoia, delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking, and other symptoms that could limit their capacity to understand courtroom proceedings, consult with their attorneys or participate meaningfully in their own defense, making them unlikely to be able to stand trial.

Question 15

Which disorder is associated with echolalia

Accepted Answer

Echolalia is a symptom commonly seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. It is the repetition of words, phrases, or sounds that they have heard previously.

Question 16

What is the modern term used for the "insanity" designation in Canada

Accepted Answer

The modern term used for the "insanity" designation in Canada is "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder." This is the term used when a person is found to have committed a criminal act but was mentally ill at the time and therefore cannot be held fully responsible for their actions.

Question 17

Mimi has been diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder.What will likely cause social problems for Mimi

Accepted Answer

Limited theory of mind can cause social problems for individuals with autistic spectrum disorder because it affects their ability to understand and predict other people's thoughts, feelings, and intentions, leading to difficulties in social interactions.

Question 18

Ruth was convicted of five separate counts of fraud.She had used her charm to persuade elderly pensioners to sign their life savings over to her.She confessed to the crimes,but she showed no remorse for her actions.She even told her lawyer that she would do it all again when she had the chance.Which disorder is consistent with Ruth's behaviour

Accepted Answer

Ruth's behavior is consistent with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), also known as sociopathy. People with ASPD often manipulate and exploit others for personal gain, show a lack of remorse, and disregard for the law and social norms. Ruth's lack of empathy and willingness to repeat her fraudulent behavior are indicative of ASPD. Narcissistic personality disorder may also share some features with ASPD, but it is more focused on excessive self-importance and a need for admiration, which does not fully capture Ruth's behavior. Avoidant personality disorder and bipolar disorder are not consistent with Ruth's behavior.

Question 19

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that seems to occur only in Western cultures.Which view of psychological disorders does the discovery of culture-bound disorders,such as anorexia nervosa,lend support to

Accepted Answer

The discovery of culture-bound disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, supports the relativistic view of psychological disorders, which holds that mental health cannot be judged outside of the cultural context in which an individual belongs. It suggests that the definition and manifestation of mental illness can vary across different cultures and societies.

Question 20

Jeffrey was judged to be legally sane,and he is on trial for a series of horrible murders.What did the judgment of legal sanity mean

Accepted Answer

Judged to be legally sane means that Jeffrey was able to appreciate the fact that his actions were legally or morally wrong at the time of the crime. This is the legal definition of sanity, which is different from the clinical definition of mental illness.

Quiz 15: A: Psychological Disorders