Question 1

The _____ lobes are responsible for the senses and the ability to understand spoken language.

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobes are responsible for the perception of sound and the understanding of spoken language. They are also involved in memory processing and visual recognition of objects and faces. The frontal lobes are responsible for higher-level cognitive functions such as decision-making and problem-solving. The occipital lobes are responsible for processing visual information, and the parietal lobes are involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness.

Question 2

The _____ space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Accepted Answer

The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The arachnoid space is also filled with cerebrospinal fluid, but it is not a widely recognized term. Ganglia and pia mater are not spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 3

The _____ lobe is devoted to interpreting visual input.

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobe is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for processing visual information from the eyes. This area contains the primary visual cortex, which is essential for basic visual processing such as edge detection and depth perception.

Question 4

_____ may be focal, affecting one part of the brain, or generalized, affecting many areas of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Epilepsy can be focal, affecting one specific area of the brain, or generalized, affecting multiple areas of the brain. Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's all primarily affect specific areas of the brain and are not typically described as focal or generalized disorders.

Question 5

The risk for traumatic brain injury from falls is greatest for those _____.

Accepted Answer

The question mentions that the risk for traumatic brain injury from falls is greatest for those, and then provides age ranges. The two age ranges provided that have the greatest risk are over age 65 and under age 5, which is option D.

Question 6

The _____ lobe controls voluntary muscle actions and the muscles of speech.

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobe is responsible for voluntary muscle actions such as walking, running, and jumping, as well as the muscles involved in speech production.

Question 7

Spinal cord damage is _____.

Accepted Answer

Spinal cord damage is essentially irreversible due to the limited regeneration of nervous tissue in the spinal cord and the potential for secondary damage to the surrounding tissue, making full recovery unlikely.

Question 8

Trigeminal neuralgia is severe chronic pain resulting from dysfunction of the _____ cranial nerve.

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal neuralgia is caused by dysfunction of the fifth cranial nerve, also known as the trigeminal nerve.

Question 9

One type of neuron is the _____, which detects environmental stimuli and transmits messages to the brain or spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are responsible for detecting environmental stimuli and transmitting messages to the brain or spinal cord. Interneurons are responsible for processing information in the nervous system, while motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. Neuroma is not a type of neuron, but rather a tumor that affects nerve cells.

Question 10

_____ pairs of spinal nerves originate in the spinal cord, carrying bundles of sensory and motor neurons throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

There are thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves that originate in the spinal cord. Each pair of nerves contains sensory and motor neurons that transmit impulses between the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. These nerves are named according to the region of the spinal cord from which they originate, such as cervical nerves, thoracic nerves, lumbar nerves, sacral nerves, and coccygeal nerves.

Question 11

One type of neuron is the _____, which carries nervous impulses between neurons.

Accepted Answer

Interneurons are a type of neuron that connect other neurons and carry nervous impulses between them. They are responsible for processing information and passing it on to motor neurons or other interneurons. Motor neurons transmit nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands. Sensory neurons transmit information from receptors in the body to the brain or spinal cord. Neuroma is a term used to refer to a tumor that arises from nerve tissue.

Question 12

One type of neuron is the _____, which conveys messages from the CNS to muscles.

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons are specialized neurons that connect the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, allowing for voluntary movement and reflexes. They are responsible for conveying messages from the CNS to the muscles, making them essential for regulating movement and coordination.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT used to diagnose epilepsy?

Accepted Answer

CT, EEG, and MRI are commonly used to diagnose epilepsy. TIA (transient ischemic attack) is not used to diagnose epilepsy as it is a temporary episode of decreased blood flow to the brain that can cause stroke-like symptoms but is not related to seizure activity.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the three subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The paraenteric subdivision is not one of the three subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. The three subdivisions are the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic.

Question 15

The signs and symptoms of _____ arise suddenly and include numbness, loss of vision, muscle weakness on one side of the face or body, confusion, and difficulty walking, speaking, and understanding.

Accepted Answer

The signs and symptoms described are characteristic of a stroke, which is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Bell's palsy is characterized by weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, but does not typically cause sudden numbness or affect other parts of the body. Hydrocephalus and spina bifida are conditions that develop over time and may not have sudden onset symptoms.

Question 16

The cause of trigeminal neuralgia remains unknown, although it may be related to _____ of trigeminal neurons.

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal neuralgia is often associated with demyelination of trigeminal neurons, which can lead to nerve dysfunction and pain.

Question 17

The _____ lobes interpret the meaning of incoming sensory signals that arrives from the opposite side of the body.

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobes are responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information from various parts of the body, and they play a key role in integrating sensory information from different sources, particularly determining spatial sense and navigation.

Question 18

Ischemic strokes are treated with _____ drugs.

Accepted Answer

Ischemic strokes are caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow to the brain. Clot-busting drugs, also known as thrombolytic agents, can dissolve the clot and restore blood flow to the affected area of the brain. This treatment is time-sensitive and should be administered as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms. Antihypertensive drugs may be used to manage high blood pressure, which can increase the risk of stroke, but they are not the primary treatment for an ischemic stroke. Antiseizure drugs may be used to prevent seizures that can occur after a stroke, but they do not address the underlying cause of the stroke. Steroids are not used to treat ischemic strokes.

Question 19

Bell's palsy is a paralysis of facial muscles caused by _____ of the facial nerve.

Accepted Answer

Bell's palsy is caused by inflammation of the facial nerve, which results in the paralysis of facial muscles. This inflammation can be caused by a viral infection or an autoimmune reaction.

Question 20

The layers of the meninges affected by meningitis are the _____.

Accepted Answer

Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. It primarily affects the pia mater and arachnoid mater.

Quiz 13: Diseases of the Nervous System and the Special Senses