Question 1

Describe what birth is like for women in at least one culture where the birth process is accompanied by fear rather than purely celebration.If possible, specify the country.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

What is Twilight Sleep, and would you have wanted to experience it? Why or why not?

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Question 3

Describe the current recommendations set forth by the Mayo Clinic for how to handle labor pain in nonmedical ways.

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Question 4

Give one reason that a woman would deliver by C-section (not including convenience of scheduling).

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Question 5

Which of the following is a common practice used by midwives in an effort to ease discomfort?

Accepted Answer

Massages are a common practice used by midwives to ease discomfort during labor and delivery. Magical rituals are not a common practice in modern midwifery, cesarean sections are a surgical intervention typically reserved for emergency situations, and epidurals are a form of pain relief administered by an anesthesiologist.

Question 6

Your friend just brought her newborn home and was very concerned that her baby's head was not right.There were two spots that seemed like the skull did not close.She thinks that there is a problem; what do you think?

Accepted Answer

The spots that your friend is noticing are actually fontanels, which are soft spots on a newborn's skull that allow for their head to grow and pass through the birth canal during delivery. It is normal for them to take some time to fully close and should not be a cause for concern.

Question 7

Maternal mortality has __________ since 1980, but neonatal mortality is highest for __________.

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Question 8

In an effort to reduce the risk of neonatal mortality in developing countries, UNICEF recommends that __________.

Accepted Answer

UNICEF recommends that skilled personnel such as trained midwives are in attendance during delivery to reduce the risk of neonatal mortality in developing countries. This can help ensure safe deliveries and reduce the risk of complications during childbirth. Additionally, providing necessary medical items such as clean umbilical cord care can further contribute to reducing neonatal mortality rates. Avoiding midwives or limiting delivery options to specialized hospitals may not be feasible in many developing countries, making the presence of skilled personnel all the more critical.

Question 9

The typical newborn is __________ long and weighs __________.

Accepted Answer

According to research, the typical newborn is about 20 inches long and weighs about 7.5 pounds. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 10

The pieces of the newborn's skull grow together, and the fontanels disappear around __________.

Accepted Answer

The fontanels, or soft spots on a newborn's skull, typically close by 18 months of age as the skull bones fuse together.

Question 11

For the infant's head to more easily pass through the birth canal, the skull contains two soft spots, called __________, one on top and one toward the back of the head.

Accepted Answer

The soft spots on an infant's skull are called fontanels, which allow for flexibility in the head during the birthing process.

Question 12

The rates of neonatal and maternal mortality are higher in __________ countries than in __________ countries.

Accepted Answer

Developing countries have higher rates of neonatal and maternal mortality compared to developed countries due to factors such as limited access to healthcare services, lack of education, poverty, and inadequate sanitation.

Question 13

Many cultures use some kind of __________ position during the birthing process.

Accepted Answer

In many cultures, the upright position during childbirth is favored as it can help with the progression of labor and delivery. In this position, gravity can aid in the descent and rotation of the baby, which can reduce the need for interventions like forceps or vacuum extraction. Additionally, being in an upright position can also help the mother feel more in control of the birthing process and can reduce the need for pain medication.

Question 14

Which ethnic group has the highest rate of neonatal mortality in the United States? Provide some reasons for these differences.

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Question 15

Describe a technological advance that has made birth safer for the mother and the baby in developed countries.Are there potential drawbacks to consider? Explain.

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Question 16

What is one evolutionary adaptation to assist in delivering the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The fact that the fetal skull is not yet fused allows it to be more flexible and shapeable, allowing it to pass through the narrow birth canal more easily.

Question 17

Neonatal mortality has __________ across ethnic groups in the United States since 1980.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, neonatal mortality rates have dropped sharply across all ethnic groups in the United States since 1980.

Question 18

The first 28 days of a newborn's life is the most vulnerable time for __________.

Accepted Answer

The first 28 days of a newborn's life, also known as the neonatal period, are the most vulnerable time for their survival. Newborns are at a higher risk of dying during this period, with the highest risk in the first 24 hours of life. It is important to provide proper medical care and attention during this time to ensure their survival. While contracting disease, developing lung problems, and detecting heart defects are also concerns during this period, they are not as critical as ensuring the newborn's survival.

Question 19

Name at least one part of the world where rates of C-sections are low.Explain why.

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Question 20

Many cultures believe the placenta should be disposed of properly.Some in Western cultures choose to __________.

Accepted Answer

Some people in Western cultures choose to eat the placenta, sometimes in creative ways like on a "placenta pizza," as part of a practice called placentophagy.

Quiz 3: Birth and the Newborn Child