Question 1

Breast-fed babies have been shown to have a lower rate of illnesses and disease such as diphtheria, pneumonia, asthma, ear infections, and diarrhea.Which of the following is an explanation for this lower rate?

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains antibodies that help protect the baby from illnesses and diseases.

Question 2

Which of the following are correlating factors as to whether a mother will breast-feed?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that factors such as a mother's age, level of education, and socioeconomic status can all play a role in whether or not she chooses to breast-feed. Other factors, such as personality traits, temperament, and geographical location, may also have some influence, but are generally considered to be less significant than the three factors listed in choice D.

Question 3

As compared to developing nations, in developed nations the benefits of breast-feeding are __________.

Accepted Answer

In developed nations, the benefits of breastfeeding, while still significant, are relatively small compared to developing nations. This is because developed countries often have better access to clean water and high-quality formula, reducing the gap in health outcomes between breastfed and formula-fed infants. However, breastfeeding still offers important health benefits in any context.

Question 4

Assume you are living in a tribal group in Africa and one of the village mothers cannot produce enough breast milk for her infant.Which the following would most likely serve as a substitute for a mother's breast milk?

Accepted Answer

In many African cultures, goat's milk is commonly used as a substitute for a mother's breast milk due to its nutritional value and accessibility. Sheep's milk may also be used as an alternative, but elephant's milk and dog's milk are not typically consumed by humans and would not be a viable option.

Question 5

What percentage of infants are currently breast-fed in the United States and Canada?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 4 in 10 babies born in the United States are breastfed at six months of age, and around 1 in 4 are breastfed at 12 months of age. In Canada, the latest data shows that around 89% of women initiate breastfeeding, and around 26% breastfeed exclusively for six months, while around 54% breastfeed partially for six months. Therefore, the closest option to the actual figures is C) 70%.

Question 6

Your grandmother is convinced that formula is the best way to feed infants because that is the way that she was fed as an infant.Why did her mother's generation formula-feed rather than breast-feed?

Accepted Answer

In the past, formula companies aggressively marketed their products as a scientifically advanced and easier alternative to breast milk. They convinced the public and even healthcare professionals that formula feeding was a safer and more convenient way to feed infants. However, in recent years, breastfeeding has been recognized as the optimal way to nourish infants for both their short-term and long-term health benefits.

Question 7

With the advent of condensed and evaporated milk in the late 1800s and its continuous growth in popularity in the United States, by 1940 what percentage of mothers breast-fed their babies?

Accepted Answer

By 1940, the popularity of condensed and evaporated milk had significantly impacted breastfeeding practices in the United States, leading to only 20-30% of mothers breast-feeding their babies. This decline was influenced by the convenience and perceived modernity of using canned milk products as alternatives to breast milk.

Question 8

What reduces the likelihood of obesity in childhood?

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding for at least 6 months has been shown to reduce the risk of childhood obesity. Breast milk contains a balance of nutrients that can help the child maintain a healthy weight. Introducing solid foods too early or formula-feeding for at least a year may actually increase the risk of obesity in childhood. Encouraging the infant to walk as soon as possible is important for their overall development, but it does not necessarily reduce the risk of obesity.

Question 9

Which of the following are known benefits for the mother who breast-feeds?

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding can help reduce bleeding of the uterus after birth, promote weight loss for the mother, and increase bone density.

Question 10

Which the following are three major benefits of breast-feeding?

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains antibodies that can protect the baby from infections and diseases, which is a major benefit. It has also been shown to contribute to cognitive development in infants and reduce their risk of childhood obesity.

Question 11

Imagine that it is the late 1800s, and you and your wife are speaking with the doctor discussing how to best care for your newborn baby.Your doctor recommends that the baby be given __________.

Accepted Answer

During the late 1800s, breastfeeding was not always an option for new mothers, and formula feeding was not yet widely available. As a result, many doctors recommended condensed or evaporated milk as a substitute for breast milk. While this recommendation is not ideal by modern standards, it was a common practice at the time. Calcium supplements and multivitamins were not commonly used in infant care during this time period, and high fructose corn syrup did not exist.

Question 12

__________ is a thick, yellowish liquid that is extremely rich in protein and antibodies that strengthen the neonate's immune system.

Accepted Answer

Colostrum is the thick, yellowish liquid that is produced by a lactating mother within the first few days after giving birth. It is rich in protein and antibodies that help to strengthen the neonate's immune system.

Question 13

Soon after birth, an infant will root for a nipple and begin to suckle.How long after birth is this likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Infants typically start to root and suckle within the first 30 minutes after birth. This is an important reflex that helps them to begin feeding and obtain the nourishment they need. If an infant does not start to root and suckle within this time frame, it may be a sign that there are complications or issues that need to be addressed.

Question 14

Within a few days after birth, neonates __________.

Accepted Answer

Newborns are able to recognize their mother's smell and the sound of her voice within a few days after birth. They may also show preference for familiar faces and have some ability to differentiate between colors, but they do not have fully developed visual acuity or depth perception. Additionally, they do not have language skills until later stages of development.

Question 15

What is a hypothesis regarding why breast-fed children tend to score higher than bottle-fed children on measures of cognitive functioning?

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains nutrients that have a positive effect on children's cognitive development. Breast milk contains several nutrients that support brain development, including Omega-3 fatty acids, choline, and iodine. These nutrients play a critical role in the development of neural cells and can influence cognitive functioning later in life.

Question 16

In many languages, "baby teeth" are referred to as "milk teeth," indicating that __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In many languages, "baby teeth" are referred...

Question 17

Lupita wants to breast-feed and has been very excited about it since she became pregnant.She was horrified when, on the first day, a thick, yellowish substance came from her breasts whenever she wanted to breast-feed.What would you tell her?

Accepted Answer

The thick, yellowish substance is colostrum, which is rich in proteins and antibodies and is completely normal and expected during the first few days after giving birth. It is often referred to as the "first milk" and is essential for the baby's immune system development. It is important to encourage Lupita to continue breastfeeding and reassure her that colostrum is healthy and beneficial for her baby.

Question 18

Anthropologists have concluded that for 99% of human history, infants were __________.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists have found that for the vast majority of human history, infants were carried or held close to their mothers almost constantly. This was because it was necessary for the survival of the infant and the community as a whole. Infants were breastfed on demand and needed constant attention, and thus were bound or kept close to their mothers for safety and care.

Question 19

The World Health Organization recommends that infants be introduced to solid foods __________.

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization recommends that infants be introduced to solid foods at 6 months. This is because breast milk or formula provides all the necessary nutrients for infants until that age. Introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of infections and allergies. Waiting until 6 months also allows an infant's digestive system to mature enough to handle solid food.

Question 20

Which woman is most likely to breast-feed her child?

Accepted Answer

Giselle, being a 40-year-old French woman with a PhD in child development, is most likely to breast-feed her child due to her educational background and cultural factors. France has higher breastfeeding rates compared to some other countries, and her advanced education in child development likely means she is well-informed about the benefits of breastfeeding.

Quiz 3: Birth and the Newborn Child