Question 1

A controlled study of family history and onset of depression found that children from mood-disordered families had ________ those from nondisordered families.

Accepted Answer

The study found that children from mood-disordered families had significantly higher rates of depression than those from nondisordered families.

Question 2

What genetic factor has been cited as a cause of anxiety disorders in children?

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been shown to have a genetic component and is commonly comorbid with anxiety disorders in children.

Question 3

Studies into whether depressed parents negatively affect their infants showed that ________

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that depression in either parent can increase the risk of depression in their offspring, indicating that it can be transmitted to the next generation. Option A is incorrect because depressed mothers tend to be less responsive to their infants. Option C is incorrect because research has not shown a consistent pattern of blame among depressed parents. Option D is incorrect because depressed parents tend to display withdrawn or unresponsive parenting rather than impulsive or antisocial behaviors.

Question 4

The term "juvenile delinquent" is ________

Accepted Answer

The term "juvenile delinquent" is defined by the legal system, referring to individuals under the age of 18 who have committed a criminal offense or engaged in behavior that is considered a violation of the law. This term is not necessarily synonymous with a diagnosis of a specific disorder or condition.

Question 5

Research on the effectiveness of antidepressants for the treatment of childhood depression has found ________

Accepted Answer

The research has found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be very effective for the treatment of childhood depression.

Question 6

A crucial aspect of for those in the field of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation ________

Accepted Answer

Understanding individual maladaptation in the context of normal developmental changes is important for developmental psychopathologists because it allows them to distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior and development. This perspective emphasizes the importance of considering the individual's developmental stage and the environmental factors that may be influencing their behavior.

Question 7

The most common childhood anxiety disorder is ________.

Accepted Answer

Specific phobias are the most common type of anxiety disorder among children, characterized by an excessive and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

Question 8

Which statement about separation anxiety disorder is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Children with separation anxiety disorder often exhibit immature behaviors, such as clinging to parents, crying, or throwing tantrums. They may also lack self-confidence and struggle with assertiveness.

Answer: C
 Separation anxiety disorder is equally common among boys and girls.

Therefore, the correct answer is B and C.

Question 9

Among children, the most commonly diagnosed disorders are ________

Accepted Answer

According to research, anxiety disorders are the most commonly diagnosed disorders among children. Studies suggest that approximately 31.9% of children aged 13-18 have an anxiety disorder.

Question 10

Some studies of the effectiveness of antidepressant medication with children have ________

Accepted Answer

Some studies have found that antidepressant medication, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children and adolescents. This led to the FDA issuing a black box warning on antidepressants for this population. While some studies have shown that these drugs can be effective in reducing symptoms of depression in children, the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior must be carefully weighed against the potential benefits. The other answer choices are incorrect or misleading.

Question 11

Children with separation anxiety disorder ________

Accepted Answer

Children with separation anxiety disorder fear separation from major attachment figures and have a persistent worry that something bad may happen to them or to their love ones once separation occurs. This fear is excessive, and they may go to great lengths to avoid separation. They may also experience physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach aches, and insomnia. It is not necessarily related to school phobia or conduct disorder, and it may not disappear once the separation actually occurs.

Question 12

Prenatal exposure to _______ is related to depression in children.

Accepted Answer

Prenatal exposure to alcohol has been linked to higher rates of depression in children. Studies have shown that exposure to alcohol in utero can affect the development of a child's brain and increase their susceptibility to depression later in life.

Question 13

An interesting and effective cognitive-behavioral anxiety prevention and treatment study in which children were taught to recognize and deal with their feelings, and parents were taught how to manage their anxious children's behavior, was implemented in which country?

Accepted Answer

The given information does not provide any clues to determine the country where the cognitive-behavioral anxiety prevention and treatment study was implemented. Therefore, the answer cannot be accurately determined based on the given information.

Question 14

Separation anxiety disorder is best illustrated by which of the following people?

Accepted Answer

Isabella's fear of being away from her father and worry that he will die are symptoms of separation anxiety disorder.

Question 15

Of the several environmental influences listed in the chapter which make children vulnerable to psychological problems, which one can also protect children from these problems?

Accepted Answer

Dependence on adults can be a vulnerability for children, but it can also be a protective factor if the adults in the child's life provide them with nurturing and support.

Question 16

What two childhood disorders are characterized by aggressive or antisocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder are both childhood disorders that involve aggressive and antisocial behavior. Oppositional defiant disorder is characterized by a pattern of defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior towards authority figures, while conduct disorder involves more serious antisocial behavior such as aggression towards animals, people, or property, as well as other rule-breaking behaviors.

Question 17

What was the greatest problem that emerged when a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed?

Accepted Answer

The greatest problem was that the same classification system developed for adults was inappropriately applied to children, ignoring the unique developmental aspects and manifestations of disorders in childhood.

Question 18

Evidence that culture plays a role in the development of childhood anxiety disorders comes from the fact that ________

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that children from cultures that emphasize inhibition, compliance, and respect for authority figures are more likely to report anxiety and fears than children from cultures that emphasize independence and self-expression. This suggests that cultural values and expectations may impact the development of childhood anxiety disorders.

Question 19

Childhood and adult depression differ in what way?

Accepted Answer

Childhood depression often presents with irritability as a major symptom, whereas irritability is not commonly seen in adult depression.

Answer: B
 Altered eating habits, such as loss of appetite or overeating, are common in both childhood and adult depression.

Answer: C
 While pharmacological intervention can be helpful in treating adult depression, some cases of adult depression can remit without it.

Answer: D
 Altered hormone levels can be seen in both childhood and adult depression, depending on the individual case.

Question 20

What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood?

Accepted Answer

What is considered maladaptive behavior can vary depending on the age and developmental stage of the child. This makes it difficult to determine whether certain behaviors are a normal part of development or indicative of a disorder.

Quiz 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders)