Question 1

Goslings formed an attachment to Lorenz because he

Accepted Answer

Goslings have an innate ability to imprint on the first moving object they perceive, also known as the imprinting process. In Lorenz's experiment, he was the first moving object that the goslings saw after hatching, so they imprinted on him and formed an attachment.

Question 2

Children of permissive parents often appear to be

Accepted Answer

Children of permissive parents often lack structure and discipline, which can lead to delayed maturity and responsibility. They may struggle with decision making and problem solving, as they are not used to having boundaries or limitations set for them.

Question 3

What do permissive and authoritarian parents have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both permissive and authoritarian parents can be poor communicators, as permissive parents may not set clear boundaries, and authoritarian parents may not encourage open dialogue.

Question 4

What do authoritative and authoritarian parents have in common?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative and authoritarian parents both have strict standards and expectations for their children. However, authoritative parents are also warm and responsive to their children's needs, while authoritarian parents are characterized by their use of force and control to gain compliance.

Answer: D 
 Both authoritative and authoritarian parents can be cold and rejecting, although this is more characteristic of authoritarian parenting. However, it is important to note that not all authoritative or authoritarian parents exhibit these traits, and that parenting styles are complex and multi-dimensional.

Question 5

Baumrind's study of parenting styles connects

Accepted Answer

Baumrind's study found that authoritative parenting was associated with positive outcomes such as higher academic achievement, emotional well-being, and social competence in children. Mature and competent children would fit into this category. Permissive parenting was associated with lower levels of achievement and self-control, not creativity. Authoritarian parenting was associated with obedience but not necessarily instrumental competence.

Question 6

Permissive parents are poor at communicating but

Accepted Answer

Permissive parents may lack communication skills, but they are generally warm and supportive towards their children. They are lenient and do not impose many rules or restrictions, allowing their children to make their own decisions. Despite their poor communication, permissive parents often show affection and provide a positive emotional environment for their children. The other options - relying on force (B), willing to reason with their children (C), and tempering their strictness (D) - are characteristics more commonly associated with authoritative or democratic parenting styles.

Question 7

Tom is 13 years old and suddenly seems to be gaining height very quickly. He is experiencing the adolescent

Accepted Answer

The term "growth spurt" is a more commonly used term to describe the sudden increase in height associated with adolescence. "Tall period" and "height spurt" are not commonly used terms in this context.

Question 8

A child's mother seldom objects if her child interrupts, and she seldom requires that her child take responsibility for cleaning his/her room or completing homework. This mother's parenting style would be considered

Accepted Answer

The mother's permissive parenting style is characterized by a lack of rules and limits, and a tendency to be lenient and indulgent towards her child's behavior. By rarely objecting to interruptions and not requiring responsibility for tasks such as cleaning and homework, the mother is exhibiting permissive behavior.

Question 9

Authoritative parents are both strict and

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parents are both strict and respectful toward their children. They establish rules and guidelines, but also communicate openly and provide warmth and support.

Question 10

According to Diana Baumrind, children who can manipulate their environment to achieve their goals have developed

Accepted Answer

According to Diana Baumrind, instrumental competence refers to a child's ability to use their skills and abilities to achieve their goals and manipulate their environment in a meaningful way. Therefore, option B is the best choice that matches the description given in the question. Options A, C, and D do not accurately reflect Baumrind's concept of instrumental competence.

Question 11

Baumrind describes a relationship between competence in children and

Accepted Answer

Baumrind's research found that parenting style has a significant impact on children's competence levels. Specifically, children of parents who exhibit an authoritative parenting style tend to demonstrate higher levels of competence in areas such as academic achievement and social skills compared to children of parents with other styles.

Question 12

Diana Baumrind studied the connection between parental behavior and the development of instrumental competence which refers to the ability to

Accepted Answer

Instrumental competence refers to the ability to manipulate the environment to achieve one's goals. Baumrind studied how parental behavior can impact the development of this ability in children.

Question 13

Which parenting style is most likely to have strict guidelines about what is right and wrong and to expect the child to adhere to those guidelines without question?

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parents typically have strict rules and expectations for their children, and they expect them to obey without question. They often use punishment and rewards to control their children's behavior.

Question 14

_____________ parents show little encouragement or warmth toward their children and tend to leave them on their own.

Accepted Answer

Uninvolved parents are characterized by neglectful behavior towards their children. They show little warmth or encouragement and tend to be disengaged from their children's lives. They do not try to control their children's behavior or set boundaries, nor do they provide emotional support or guidance.

Question 15

A child's father is not very affectionate and demands that the child not speak to an adult unless spoken to, that he/she always put away one toy before taking out another, and that soft drinks be consumed only on special occasions. This child's father can be described as

Accepted Answer

The father's behavior can be characterized as authoritarian, as he is controlling and demanding, with strict rules and little room for negotiation or deviation from his expectations.

Question 16

The authoritative parent demands

Accepted Answer

The authoritative parent expects reasonable and mature behavior from their children, but this expectation is coupled with warmth, support, and reasonable discipline. The focus is on developing responsible and capable individuals rather than just enforcing obedience or compliance. Unconditional love is also important for authoritative parents but is not the primary focus.

Question 17

The time of transition from childhood to adulthood in Western cultures is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The term commonly used to describe the time of transition from childhood to adulthood in Western cultures is adolescence. Puberty refers specifically to the physical changes that occur during this time, while the other choices are not commonly used terms to describe this stage of development.

Question 18

During a parent-teacher conference, a father says, "My child will do what I say because I say so, no ifs, ands, or buts!" The child of this parent has academic and social problems. The parent's statement demonstrates

Accepted Answer

The father's statement reflects an authoritarian style, which involves strict rules, punishments, and control with little room for discussion or flexibility. This can lead to a lack of independence and self-regulation in the child, which may contribute to academic and social problems.

Question 19

The most competent children tend to have

Accepted Answer

The most competent children tend to have authoritative parents. Authoritative parents provide structure and rules, but also offer warmth and support, which allows children to develop autonomy and confidence. Permissive learning styles, uninvolved parents and authoritarian families are less effective in promoting competence in children.

Question 20

Children of uninvolved parents tend to have _______________than children whose parents are more involved.

Accepted Answer

Children of uninvolved parents tend to have poorer academic performance and higher rates of delinquency. Research has consistently shown that parental involvement is crucial for positive child development. When parents are uninvolved or disengaged, children are more likely to struggle academically and exhibit behavioral problems such as delinquency.

Quiz 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span