Question 1

When a parent's approval is only received when rules and standards are achieved, a child may develop

Accepted Answer

When a parent's approval is solely based on the achievement of rules and standards, the child learns to value themselves based on meeting these external criteria. This leads to the development of conditions of worth, where the child's self-esteem is contingent on their ability to meet these standards.

Question 2

Nicole describes herself as smart, energetic, and motivated. This kind of description is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

This kind of self-description is characteristic of individualists, who often emphasize their personal qualities and achievements. Collectivists, on the other hand, may prioritize group goals or values over individual attributes, while impressionists and neo-impressionists are artistic movements and are not relevant to this question.

Question 3

Looking at the role of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status is encompassed by

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective involves examining how various factors such as ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status shape and influence human behavior and development. This perspective recognizes that individuals are shaped by the society and culture in which they live and emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and social norms, values, and beliefs when studying human behavior.

Question 4

Carl Rogers would argue that anxiety is the result of

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that anxiety is the result of a discrepancy between a person's actual self and their ideal self. When a person's feelings and desires are inconsistent with their self-concept, they may experience anxiety. This can happen when a person's behavior does not match their values or when they have doubts about their abilities.

Question 5

Aaron describes himself as Catholic, Argentinean, and a grandfather of three. This kind of description is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

This kind of self-description, including one's cultural and familial background, is often seen in collectivist cultures where group identity and belonging are emphasized. Aaron's identification as Catholic and Argentinean points to a collectivist orientation.

Question 6

Individualists are to _________ as collectivists are to _________.

Accepted Answer

Individualists prioritize personal goals and values over group goals, while collectivists prioritize community goals and values over personal goals. Option D reflects this difference most accurately.

Question 7

Anita believes that she is worthless if she is not named "most likely to succeed" in her high-school yearbook like her mother expects of her. This most accurately reflects

Accepted Answer

Anita's belief that she is only valuable if she meets a certain standard set by her mother reflects internalized conditions of worth, which is a concept in humanistic psychology. This means that one's sense of self-worth is contingent upon meeting certain conditions set by others, rather than being inherent and unconditional.

Question 8

According to Rogers, when Dana compares her perception of herself with her "ideal" she is rating her

Accepted Answer

According to Rogers, self-concept refers to an individual's perception and evaluation of themselves. When Dana compares her perception of herself with her "ideal," she is assessing her self-concept by identifying the difference between her current reality and her ideal self-image.

Question 9

When Bobby spilled water on his father's computer, his father told Bobby that he still loved him. This is an illustration of

Accepted Answer

The father's response of still loving Bobby despite the mistake he made shows unconditional positive regard, which means accepting and valuing someone for who they are without any conditions or judgments.

Question 10

Individuals vary in their perceptions of themselves and the world around them. Rogers refers to this as varying

Accepted Answer

Rogers refers to individuals varying frames of reference, which refers to how individuals perceive and interpret the world around them based on their past experiences and understanding. Subjective values, competencies, and expectancies can all contribute to varying frames of reference, but they are not the primary concept that Rogers is referring to in this case.

Question 11

If a parent rejects a child when they misbehave, but gives approval when they behave, what are they demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

The parent is demonstrating conditional positive regard, as their approval and acceptance is only given when the child behaves in a certain way. This creates an environment where the child feels they must meet certain expectations to be loved and accepted.

Question 12

Getting in touch with our feelings, accepting them, and acting on them is the goal of Carl Rogers' method of psychotherapy called

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers' method of psychotherapy is called client-centered therapy, which emphasizes providing a supportive and nonjudgmental environment to help individuals explore and confront their feelings, thoughts, and experiences. The goal of this therapy is to help clients achieve self-acceptance and self-awareness, and ultimately, to become more self-directed and self-actualized individuals. Therefore, the best choice is C, client-centered therapy. None of the other options accurately describe Rogers' method of psychotherapy.

Question 13

Self-actualization lacks scientific credibility because it involves

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-actualization lacks scientific credibility because it involves
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Question 14

The humanistic approach is similar to learning theories in that they both have little to say about

Accepted Answer

Both the humanistic approach and learning theories have little to say about the development of traits and personalities, as they focus more on individual experiences and observable behaviors, respectively.

Question 15

Carl Rogers would claim that we are motivated to reduce the discrepancy between our self-concept and our

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that we are motivated to reduce the discrepancy between our self-concept (how we see ourselves) and our self-ideal (how we would like to see ourselves). This is known as "self-actualization" and it drives us to become our best selves.

Question 16

When Kate scored 100% on her spelling test, her father said, "Now that's my favorite little girl." What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of conditional positive regard because the father's approval and affection are contingent upon Kate's performance on the spelling test.

Question 17

When giving correction, a parent separates the behavior from the child so the child does not experience rejection for the inappropriate behavior. This demonstrates Rogers'

Accepted Answer

Separating the behavior from the child is an example of providing unconditional positive regard, which is a key concept in Rogers' theory of person-centered therapy. This approach focuses on accepting and valuing individuals unconditionally, without judgment or evaluation of their behavior. Conditions of worth and conditional positive regard, on the other hand, involve placing conditions on the acceptance and approval of individuals, which can be detrimental to their self-esteem and self-concept. Self-actualization is a term used in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which emphasizes the innate drive for individuals to reach their full potential.

Question 18

Mental images of what we are capable of becoming are called

Accepted Answer

Mental images of what we are capable of becoming are known as self-ideals. This term is used in the context of Carl Rogers' theory of personality development where he states that personal growth occurs when individuals have a positive self-concept and strive to achieve their self-ideal.

Question 19

You attend a parenting lecture in which the speaker argues that parents need to accept children as they are regardless of their behavior at the moment. Which notion of Carl Rogers is the speaker advocating?

Accepted Answer

The notion of accepting someone regardless of their behavior is the concept of unconditional positive regard, which is a central idea of Carl Rogers' humanistic approach to psychology. This concept focuses on accepting others for who they are, rather than judging them solely on their actions or behaviors. This idea suggests that people need to feel accepted and loved for who they are, rather than just for what they do or how they behave. Therefore, Choice C is the correct answer.

Question 20

Conditions of worth and conditional positive regard can result in

Accepted Answer

Conditions of worth and conditional positive regard both involve receiving approval or love only when certain conditions are met. This can lead to individuals developing low self-esteem and a negative self-concept as they may feel that they are only valued for meeting those conditions and not for who they truly are. Thus, the best answer is D which covers both of these potential outcomes.

Quiz 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement