Question 1

Sarah earns high grades and leads a study group at school. Her brother is less ambitious and earns low grades. Most likely Sarah is a

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sarah earns high grades and leads a...

Question 2

Irrational beliefs can create or compound stress by

Accepted Answer

Irrational beliefs can contribute to stress by making negative events feel even worse than they already are, and by causing individuals to catastrophize, or imagine the worst possible outcomes. Both of these factors can compound stress and make it harder to manage.

Question 3

Margaret is very impatient, driven, and competitive. She shows a __________ pattern.

Accepted Answer

Margaret's impatience, drive, and competitiveness are all characteristics of Type A personality. Type A individuals are generally ambitious, workaholic, and easily stressed.

Question 4

Which of the following most closely matches Type A beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Type A individuals often place a strong emphasis on perfectionism and may become very self-critical if they feel they are not meeting their own high standards.

Question 5

Karen is a highly driven person. She is competitive, impatient, and often aggressive. She walks, eats, and talks rapidly and constantly feels rushed and under pressure. Psychologists would say that Karen's behavior is typical of a person

Accepted Answer

Karen's behaviors are all common traits associated with Type A personalities, which are characterized by a sense of time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility. Type B personalities are more laid-back and relaxed, while the concept of eustress refers to positive, rather than negative, stress. The choice of catastrophizing is not accurate as there is no indication of Karen exaggerating or blowing things out of proportion.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the beliefs of Albert Ellis?

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis was the founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which posits that emotions are not caused by events but by our beliefs about those events. This belief system is in contrast to traditional psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes the influence of past experiences on emotional responses. Therefore, option C best describes Ellis's beliefs. The other options are not specific to Ellis and his theories.

Question 7

Catastrophizing over the extent to which a loss will result in more problems can

Accepted Answer

Catastrophizing leads to heightened emotional reactions, fosters feelings of hopelessness, and lowers coping ability. Thus, all options are correct.

Question 8

Among individuals with similar IQ levels, which of the following tends to make more money and have higher grades?

Accepted Answer

Type A individuals are often characterized by traits such as competitiveness, ambition, and a sense of urgency, which can lead to higher achievement in academic and professional settings, potentially resulting in higher grades and income.

Question 9

Which of the following are the components of Ellis' approach (in the correct order)?

Accepted Answer

Ellis' approach is known as the ABC model, which stands for activating event, belief, and consequence. Therefore, the correct order is activating event, belief, consequence. Choice C is the only option with this order.

Question 10

The idea that your past has influenced you immensely and must therefore continue to determine your feelings and behavior now is considered

Accepted Answer

This idea is considered an irrational belief, as it suggests that individuals have no control over their thoughts and behaviors in the present, which can lead to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. It is important to recognize how past experiences may have influenced us, but it is also important to focus on the present and work on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.

Question 11

Individuals who are more likely to exhibit irrational beliefs that can put them at a higher risk for anxiety and depression are

Accepted Answer

Perfectionistic individuals often have unrealistic expectations for themselves and are overly focused on avoiding mistakes, which can lead to anxiety and depression. Additionally, those who heavily rely on social approval may feel inadequate without the validation of others, making them more vulnerable to negative emotions. Type B personalities are typically laid-back and relaxed, and therefore less likely to experience anxiety and depression. Being high in self efficacy (belief in one's ability to achieve goals) and competent may actually protect individuals from stress and negative emotions.

Question 12

Type A is to __________ as Type B is to __________.

Accepted Answer

Type A is commonly associated with a hurried, competitive, and sometimes aggressive behavior, while Type B is characterized by a more relaxed, laid-back, and patient attitude. Therefore, "hurry up" represents Type A behavior, and "relaxation" represents Type B behavior.

Question 13

Since Michelle failed her biology final, she has been thinking that she will never be able to find a job when she graduates. She believes that she will end up homeless and a transient. This demonstrates what Ellis calls

Accepted Answer

Michelle's belief that she will inevitably end up homeless and transient because she failed one exam is an irrational belief. Ellis believed that irrational beliefs often cause unhealthy emotional and behavioral responses. Michelle's assumption is extreme and lacks evidence.

Question 14

Which would be True of a person with a Type A behavior pattern?

Accepted Answer

Type A individuals are typically competitive, ambitious, and have a sense of urgency. They are often dominant and assertive in group settings, which is why they may tend to dominate group discussions. Eating slowly, delegating authority to others, and arriving late to appointments are not necessarily characteristic of Type A behavior.

Question 15

Edward's professor told him that his first paper could have been shorter in length. Edward becomes very concerned because now he realizes that he does not know how to write papers and will definitely fail the class. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Edward is catastrophizing, which means he is blowing the situation out of proportion and assuming the worst-case scenario. He is jumping to the conclusion that he does not know how to write papers and will fail the class based on one piece of feedback from his professor.

Question 16

Betsy paces herself in her work, tends to be less impatient, and also tends to be less ambitious. She fits a __________ pattern.

Accepted Answer

Betsy's characteristics match those of a Type B personality. Type B personalities tend to be more relaxed, patient, and less competitive than Type A personalities. Type C and Type D personalities are not directly related to the traits described in the scenario.

Question 17

Individuals who experience more car accidents and often arrive early for appointments are _________ personalities.

Accepted Answer

Type A personalities are described as competitive, achievement-oriented, impatient, and often experience a sense of urgency. They tend to be more prone to stressful situations and may exhibit risky driving behaviors, such as aggressive driving or speeding, which increases the likelihood of car accidents. Type B personalities are more relaxed and laid-back, while Type C personalities are associated with a tendency to suppress emotions and become more compliant. Type D personalities experience a lot of negative emotions, including chronic anxiety and depression.

Question 18

Stewart is relaxed and focuses on quality-of-life issues. He shows a __________ pattern.

Accepted Answer

Type B personalities are characterized as relaxed and focused on quality-of-life issues, which aligns with Stewart's behavior. Type A personalities are characterized by being competitive and time-pressured, while Type C personalities are characterized by being detail-oriented and reserved. Type D personalities are characterized by negative emotions and social inhibition.

Question 19

Individuals who are highly driven, competitive, impatient, and aggressive are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are highly driven, competitive, impatient, and aggressive are referred to as Type A personalities. Type B personalities, on the other hand, are more laid-back and relaxed. Type C personalities are characterized as detail-oriented and hesitant.

Question 20

Individuals who are relaxed, patient, forgiving, and focus on the quality of life are

Accepted Answer

Type B personalities are characterized by their relaxed, patient, and laid-back nature, which includes forgiveness and an emphasis on the quality of life. Therefore, the best choice is B. Types A, C, and D are associated with different traits such as competitiveness, inhibition, and distress, respectively.

Quiz 11: Stress, Health, and Coping