Question 1

Which of the following is true about stress and adjustment?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that while major life events are certainly stressful, it is the day-to-day hassles and stressors that have a greater impact on overall adjustment and well-being.

Question 2

Mary is chronically stressed. How will this affect her nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Chronic stress will result in the sympathetic nervous system being chronically activated. This can lead to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate, among other effects.

Question 3

When activated, the parasympathetic nervous system:

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest" functions, which include stimulating salivation.

Question 4

One of the problems with the original Hassles Scale was:

Accepted Answer

Some items on the original Hassles Scale were criticized for being symptoms of distress rather than hassles themselves. This blurred the distinction between causes and effects of stress, complicating the interpretation of the scale's results.

Question 5

Whenever the sympathetic nervous system is activated, what are its physiological effects?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system, when activated, prepares the body for the "fight or flight" response. This includes relaxing the bronchi to allow more air into the lungs and relaxing the bladder. Other effects (not mentioned in the options but opposite to those listed in A, B, and D) include increasing heart rate and the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline, inhibiting digestive activities and salivation, and facilitating ejaculation in males.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the hassles measure developed by Canadian researchers Fillion, Kohn, and associates (2001), used to assess the stressors faced by cancer?

Accepted Answer

The hassles measure developed by Fillion, Kohn, and associates focuses on assessing the stressors faced by cancer patients, including predicting higher levels of anger, fatigue, and depression, being more precise than past measures, and addressing body-image concerns. It does not specifically measure patients' degree of perceived social support; this aspect is typically assessed through other means or specific scales designed to evaluate social support.

Question 7

The Assessment of Daily Experience (ADE)scale differs from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)in that

Accepted Answer

The ADE scale differs from the SRRS in that the ADE provides ratings for current stressors on an individual basis, whereas the SRRS is a standardized instrument that assesses the impact of major life events on stress levels. Option B is incorrect as the SRRS is also related to stress, not just illness. Option C is incorrect as the age of the instrument is not relevant to the question. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate answer.

Question 8

What are some of the health effects of a chronically activated sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A chronically activated sympathetic nervous system can lead to a diminished immune system, the development of hypertension, and an increased exposure to stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These can have a range of negative health effects on the body, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and a weakened ability to fight off infections.

Question 9

In some people, job burnout appears to be a reflection of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In some people, job burnout appears to...

Question 10

Jennifer has been feeling extremely overwhelmed with her job. As a result, she has been bringing her stress home with her and in turn is causing her family stress. This situation can be described as:

Accepted Answer

Job spillover occurs when the stress and demands from work spill over into an employee's personal life, causing stress and strain in their relationships outside of work. In this case, Jennifer's stress from work is causing stress for her family at home.

Question 11

Jonathan is walking down a dark street and thinks he is being followed. His heart starts racing and his palms start sweating. Which part of his nervous system is primarily being activated?

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating the body's internal functions, such as heart rate and sweating, often in response to stress or danger. The symptoms described in the scenario, including racing heart and sweating, are characteristic of the fight or flight response activated by the autonomic nervous system in response to a perceived threat.

Question 12

According to Melamed and colleagues (2006), job burnout has been linked with numerous physical problems, including:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Melamed and colleagues (2006), job...

Question 13

____________ is an extreme form of burnout

Accepted Answer

Vital exhaustion refers to an extreme form of burnout that results from prolonged and excessive stress. It is characterized by feelings of fatigue, irritability, and demoralization, as well as physical symptoms such as headaches, muscle tension, and gastrointestinal problems. Vital exhaustion can lead to serious health problems, including cardiovascular disease, depression, and anxiety.

Question 14

The first-ever national survey of nurses in Canada conducted in 2005 found that approximately one-third of nurses were deemed to have:

Accepted Answer

The first-ever national survey of nurses in Canada conducted in 2005 found that approximately one-third of nurses were deemed to have high job stress, indicating that their work environment was causing significant stress and potentially leading to burnout. The other answer choices are not applicable to this survey. General adaptation syndrome is a theoretical concept related to how the body responds to stress, eustress refers to positive stress, and allostatic load refers to the cumulative wear and tear on the body caused by chronic stress.

Question 15

Research using Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale found that

Accepted Answer

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale developed by Holmes and Rahe measures the significance of stressful events in a person's life, and research has found that health problems are related to the scale's score. The higher the score, the greater the risk of health problems. Therefore, option D is the best choice. The other options are unrelated to the scale.

Question 16

Which style of coping is least effective among women diagnosed with breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant coping involves avoiding or denying one's emotions and thoughts related to a stressful experience, which can lead to increased distress in the long run. Studies suggest that women diagnosed with breast cancer who use avoidant coping mechanisms are more likely to experience psychological distress, poorer quality of life, and more physical symptoms than those who use active coping strategies such as problem-focused coping or seeking social support. Therefore, avoidant coping is considered the least effective coping style among women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Question 17

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system:

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses, which includes relaxing the bladder to inhibit urination during stressful situations.

Question 18

Research findings on stress and illness indicate that there is a

Accepted Answer

Research has shown a correlation between stress and illness, indicating that individuals who experience higher levels of stress are more likely to report illnesses. However, the causal direction of this relationship (whether stress causes illness or illness causes stress) is not definitively known from correlation alone.

Question 19

According to Tennant (2001), job stress is consistently linked with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Tennant (2001), job stress is...

Question 20

The Assessment of Daily Experience measures

Accepted Answer

The Assessment of Daily Experience measures all of the listed options: a person's psychological reaction to life events, the occurrence of mundane events that may be stressful, and major stressful events occurring in a person's life.

Quiz 9: Stress-Related Disorders and Health Psychology