Question 1

When you write multiple-choice items,you should use
A)as much wording as possible in the distractors.
B)distractors that require fine discriminations.
C)"none of the above" less frequently than "all of the above."
D)stems that present a single problem.

Accepted Answer

Using stems that present a single problem helps to make the question clear and focused. A) Using too much wording in the distractors can make them confusing and lead to the wrong answers being chosen. B) Distractors that require fine discriminations can make the question more difficult and confusing for the student. C) Using "none of the above" less frequently than "all of the above" can bias the student towards choosing one of those options even if it is not the correct answer.

Question 2

Compare and contrast formative and summative measurements.Identify the different uses of formative and summative tests in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast formative and summative measurements.Identify...

Question 3

What guideline for writing multiple-choice items is violated in the following item stem? "A norm-referenced test is..."
A)Each alternative must fit the grammatical form of the item.
B)Item stems should be stated in simple terms.
C)The stem should include a complete question.
D)Unessential details should be omitted in the item stem.

Accepted Answer

The stem "A norm-referenced test is..." is incomplete as it does not form a complete question, violating the guideline that the stem should include a complete question.

Question 4

The most defensible practice for scoring essay tests is to evaluate
A)all parts of one student's paper before going on the next student's paper.
B)each one of the items for all students with reference to its respective model answers.
C)each question as acceptable or unacceptable and assign equal weight to each question.
D)the response for each question with regard to content,organization,and mechanics,with each factor weighted equally.

Accepted Answer

Evaluating each item for all students with reference to model answers ensures consistency and fairness in scoring, as it allows the scorer to focus on one criterion at a time across all papers.

Question 5

Which one of the following procedures would improve the reliability and validity of grading short essay tests,thus refuting the complaint of sensitivity to bias and variability in grading?
A)Administering more pretests
B)Grading on the curve
C)Implementing a contract system
D)Using a scoring rubric

Accepted Answer

Using a scoring rubric provides clear criteria for grading and ensures consistency in grading across different graders. This reduces bias and variability in grading, improving the reliability and validity of the grading process. Administering more pretests, grading on the curve, and implementing a contract system do not necessarily address the issue of bias and variability in grading short essay tests.

Question 6

All of the following statements are true of essay tests EXCEPT:
A)Each question should give students a precise task.
B)Less material can be covered in essay than in multiple-choice tests.
C)Students should be able to answer the questions in a few words for the sake of efficiency.
D)Questions should measure the higher-level objectives.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Essay questions allow for more in-depth answers and therefore cannot be answered in just a few words. The other statements are all true of essay tests.

Question 7

The most important use of essay tests is to
A)measure simple learning outcomes.
B)measure complex learning outcomes.
C)reduce grading time.
D)sample a wide variety of learning outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Essay tests are designed to measure complex learning outcomes, such as critical thinking and problem-solving skills. They require students to demonstrate their understanding of a topic through written analysis and evaluation, rather than just recalling memorized information. While essay tests may take longer to grade than multiple-choice tests, their ability to assess higher-order thinking skills makes them a valuable tool for evaluating student learning.

Question 8

Which one of the following sources would be the LEAST likely product to be found in a student's portfolio?
A)Artistic products
B)Peer comments
C)Standardized test results
D)Written products

Accepted Answer

Standardized test results are not typically included in a student's portfolio as they do not represent the student's personal work or creativity. The other options (artistic products, peer comments, and written products) can all be included in a student's portfolio to demonstrate their skills and achievements.

Question 9

Which one of the following strategies does NOT tend to increase the reliability of essay test grades?
A)Base your ratings on a model answer that you have constructed.
B)Grade all essay items for each student in turn based on a pre-established point system.
C)Have students place their names on the back of their test papers.
D)Score all responses to one essay item before moving on to the next item.

Accepted Answer

Grading all essay items for each student in turn can introduce bias and inconsistency, as the grader may be influenced by the student's performance on previous items.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of portfolios in assessment?
A)Criterion-referenced rather than norm-referenced grading should be used.
B)Only positive samples of student performances should be selected for a portfolio.
C)Portfolios work best with older students (middle or high school).
D)Teachers rather than students should select the work to be included in the portfolio.

Accepted Answer

Criterion-referenced grading is more appropriate for portfolios because the focus is on specific learning outcomes and standards rather than comparing students to a norm.

Question 11

The key feature of authentic assessments is
A)development of tests by professional evaluators.
B)high test-retest reliability.
C)testing in a realistic context.
D)use of essays as the primary form of testing.

Accepted Answer

Authentic assessments are designed to measure real-world skills and knowledge in realistic contexts, rather than simply testing memorization and recall of information. Therefore, testing in a realistic context is a key feature of authentic assessments. Choice A is incorrect because professional evaluators may be involved in creating authentic assessments, but it is not the key feature. Choice B is incorrect because test-retest reliability is a measure of consistency over time and is not necessarily related to authenticity. Choice D is incorrect because while essays may be a common form of authentic assessment, they are not the primary form - a variety of assessment methods can be used.

Question 12

Identify the type of objective test item that is most appropriate for measuring the following specific learning outcome: "Select the best reason for a specific action from a given list of alternatives."
A)Essay
B)Multiple-choice
C)Short-answer
D)True-false

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate type of objective test item for measuring the given specific learning outcome is multiple-choice as it provides a list of alternatives for the student to select the best reason from. Essay questions would require the student to write out a full explanation, short-answer questions usually do not provide alternatives to choose from, and true-false is not suitable for this type of question.

Question 13

Compare and contrast norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests and identify situations where each would be appropriate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests...

Question 14

What is the major problem in scoring essay tests?
A)Difficulty with establishing time limits for responding
B)Limiting the content covered compared to objective tests
C)Restricting the tasks to more complex learning outcomes
D)Subjectivity in assessing the learning products

Accepted Answer

The major problem in scoring essay tests is the subjectivity in assessing the learning products. Due to the open-ended nature of essay questions, it can be challenging for graders to establish consistent and objective criteria for evaluating student responses. As a result, there is often a lot of variance in the scores given by different graders, which can lead to concerns about the reliability and validity of the assessment.

Question 15

What is the most serious problem in the multiple-choice test item that you are now reading?
A)Distractor responses should be clearly incorrect.
B)Students should not have to discriminate between the alternative choices.
C)The response choices include two distractors that essentially have the same meaning.
D)The stem does not present a single,straightforward problem.

Accepted Answer

The stem does not present a single, straightforward problem. This means that the question is not clear and may confuse the student.

Question 16

Objective tests are generally more reliable than essay tests because objective tests can
A)be corrected for guessing a response correctly.
B)contain more independent items measuring achievement.
C)eliminate subjective judgment in their preparation.
D)measure almost any important educational attainment.

Accepted Answer

Objective tests can contain more independent items, which allows for a broader and more reliable measurement of achievement.

Question 17

Which one of the following actions is a limitation of multiple-choice tests?
A)Allow for bluffing
B)Are difficult to grade
C)Can be difficult to prepare
D)Cannot measure higher-order learning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following actions is...

Question 18

Which one of the following procedures best reflects performance assessment?
A)Making a class presentation that utilizes more than one medium to demonstrate the steps to follow in designing a specific communication
B)Performing well enough on the SAT to obtain a combined Verbal and Quantitative score of at least 1080
C)Submitting a journal that will be evaluated on the basis of whether it contains notes for each class meeting
D)Writing an essay on the "Republican Revolution" in the 1994 elections,citing primary social,economic,and political forces that led to this event

Accepted Answer

Performance assessment involves tasks that require students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a practical, often real-world context. Making a class presentation using multiple media to demonstrate a process is an example of such an assessment.

Question 19

Define and distinguish between reliability and validity.Is it necessary for a test to be valid in order for it to be reliable? Is it necessary for a test to be reliable in order for it to be valid? Explain your decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and distinguish between reliability and validity.Is...

Question 20

Exhibitions differ from portfolios because exhibitions
A)are authentic assessments.
B)involve an immediate audience.
C)use criterion-referenced standards.
D)use norm-referenced standards.

Accepted Answer

Exhibitions involve showcasing one's work to an immediate audience, while portfolios are typically a collection of work gathered over time that is presented to an evaluator or potential employer. The other answer choices (A, C, and D) refer to types of assessment standards, which are not directly related to the difference between exhibitions and portfolios.

Quiz 15: Classroom Assessment, Grading, and Standardized Testing

When you write multiple-choice items,you should use

Compare and contrast formative and summative measurements.Identify the different uses of formative and summative tests in your answer.

What guideline for writing multiple-choice items is violated in the following item stem? "A norm-referenced test is..."

The most defensible practice for scoring essay tests is to evaluate

Which one of the following procedures would improve the reliability and validity of grading short essay tests,thus refuting the complaint of sensitivity to bias and variability in grading?

All of the following statements are true of essay tests EXCEPT:

The most important use of essay tests is to

Which one of the following sources would be the LEAST likely product to be found in a student's portfolio?

Which one of the following strategies does NOT tend to increase the reliability of essay test grades?

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of portfolios in assessment?

The key feature of authentic assessments is

Identify the type of objective test item that is most appropriate for measuring the following specific learning outcome: "Select the best reason for a specific action from a given list of alternatives."

Compare and contrast norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests and identify situations where each would be appropriate.

What is the major problem in scoring essay tests?

What is the most serious problem in the multiple-choice test item that you are now reading?

Objective tests are generally more reliable than essay tests because objective tests can

Which one of the following actions is a limitation of multiple-choice tests?

Which one of the following procedures best reflects performance assessment?

Define and distinguish between reliability and validity.Is it necessary for a test to be valid in order for it to be reliable? Is it necessary for a test to be reliable in order for it to be valid? Explain your decisions.

Exhibitions differ from portfolios because exhibitions