Question 1

Sattler (2014)identified two broad ways for parents to enrich their children's home environment to help them achieve their intellectual potentials.Which of the following best describes their findings?
A) Provide ample verbal stimulation and interact with children through talking, playing, and reading.
B) Provide ample verbal stimulation and encourage academic achievement and curiosity.
C) Provide significant mathematical concept training and rigorous use of flashcards, even at an early age.
D) Provide ample verbal stimulation and discourage creative play and arts and crafts in favor of academically oriented tasks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sattler (2014)identified two broad ways for parents...

Question 2

Now that lead-based paint has been outlawed,lead poisoning from paint is no longer a concern in the United States.

Accepted Answer

While lead-based paint has been outlawed, there are still many older homes and buildings that may contain lead paint. Exposure to lead paint through chipping or peeling paint, dust, or renovation work can still lead to lead poisoning. Therefore, lead poisoning from paint remains a concern in the United States.

Question 3

How have the relative strengths of those with Down syndrome been capitalized on in teaching them to read?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How have the relative strengths of those...

Question 4

Because IQ is normally distributed in the population and 2.2% of individuals would be expected to earn IQ scores less than 70,the prevalence of intellectual disability is 2.2%.

Accepted Answer

The prevalence of intellectual disability is generally estimated to be about 1% of the population, not 2.2%. The 2.2% figure refers to the percentage of people who might score below 70 on an IQ test due to the normal distribution, but not all of these individuals meet the diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability, which also requires significant limitations in adaptive behavior.

Question 5

Heroin use in a pregnant mother is much more likely to result in intellectual disability in the child than alcohol use by a pregnant mother is.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol use during pregnancy, particularly heavy use, is a well-established cause of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which can include intellectual disabilities among other serious health issues. Heroin use during pregnancy also poses significant risks to the fetus, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal abstinence syndrome, but the direct link to intellectual disability is not as strong or well-documented as it is with alcohol.

Question 6

Provide an example of the use of positive punishment to correct behavior.Under what conditions would such an approach be used?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of the use of...

Question 7

Which of the following best describes results from studies on the effectiveness of Head Start and other preschool prevention programs?
A) Overall, these programs have had no consistent measurable benefit on children's IQ or other outcomes.
B) Youths who participate in preschool programs are approximately an academic year ahead of kindergarten classmates who did not attend these programs.
C) The benefits of preschool are generally lasting, continuing throughout elementary school.
D) The benefits of preschool are greatest for minority children, youths from low-SES backgrounds, and youths at risk for developmental disability.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the benefits of preschool prevention programs are greatest for children from minority, low-SES backgrounds, and those at risk for developmental disabilities. These benefits have been shown to continue into elementary school. While there may be some variability in terms of specific outcomes being measured, overall, these programs have been demonstrated to have significant and lasting positive effects on participating children.

Question 8

Punishment is typically the first type of treatment that is used to correct behavior.

Accepted Answer

Punishment is not always the first type of treatment used to correct behavior. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and other forms of behavior modification may be utilized before punishment is considered.

Question 9

The label Intellectual Disability tells us about a person's etiology,symptoms,and likely outcome.

Accepted Answer

Intellectual Disability primarily describes the level of functioning in intellectual and adaptive behaviors, not the specific cause (etiology), symptoms, or outcomes, which can vary widely among individuals.

Question 10

To determine whether early education programs can prevent intellectual disability,the Infant Health and Development Program assigned half of a group of premature,low-birth weight infants to an early intervention group with a program that lasted until age 3 and compared their outcomes to those of the infants in the control group.Which of the following best describes the findings of the study?
A) Children who participated in the program had much higher IQs at 3, 5, and 8 years old than did children in the control group.
B) Children who participated in the program had slightly higher IQs at 3, 5, and 8 years old than did children in the control group.
C) Children who participated in the program had much higher IQs at age 3 and 5 than those in the control group but these differences disappeared by age 8.
D) Children who participated in the program had slightly higher IQs at age 3 than those in the control group, but these differences disappeared by age 5.

Accepted Answer

The Infant Health and Development Program found that early intervention had a positive impact on IQ at age 3, but the differences were not sustained as the children grew older, indicating that the initial benefits of the program diminished by age 5.

Question 11

What is the importance of the finding that different types of organic intellectual disability (ID)show particular characteristic patterns of cognitive and behavioral characteristics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the importance of the finding...

Question 12

If we know the cause of a child's ID it would be classified as organic,even if the cause were environmental,such as the mother's alcohol use during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Organic ID refers to ID that has a clear biological or physical cause, which can include environmental factors such as substance exposure during pregnancy.

Question 13

Stimulant medications have been shown to reduce self-injurious behaviors in youths with intellectual disability because these medications increase the dopamine in the system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stimulant medications have been shown to reduce...

Question 14

In what ways might the characteristics of Williams syndrome (WS)predispose those with the condition toward anxiety problems?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways might the characteristics of...

Question 15

What is the difference between mainstreaming and inclusion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between mainstreaming and...

Question 16

Studies on mainstreaming have shown that children with intellectual disability who spent most of the school day with their typically-developing peers ______.
A) had lower achievement scores and lower adaptive functioning than children assigned to special education classes
B) had lower achievement scores but higher adaptive functioning than children assigned to special education classes
C) had higher achievement scores and higher adaptive functioning than children assigned to special education classes
D) had higher achievement scores but lower adaptive functioning than children assigned to special education classes

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that mainstreaming children with intellectual disability results in higher achievement scores and adaptive functioning compared to children who are placed in special education classes. This suggests that inclusion in regular classrooms can be beneficial for children with intellectual disability.

Question 17

Provide an example of universal design in the classroom.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

In what ways can challenging behavior adversely affect children?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Those with cultural-familial intellectual disability (ID)are believed to have developed ID due to genetic predisposition toward the condition in combination with their environment.

Accepted Answer

Cultural-familial intellectual disability is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as poverty or lack of access to education.

Quiz 5: Intellectual Disability and Developmental

Sattler (2014) identified two broad ways for parents to enrich their children's home environment to help them achieve their intellectual potentials.Which of the following best describes their findings?