Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Older adults are generally less likely to be diagnosed with depression compared to younger adults, such as those between 18 and 29.

Question 2

Richard is 16 and his older brother Tommy is 18.Their oldest sister is in her twenties and is showing signs that the doctors now believe are related to schizophrenia.Richard,Tommy,and their friends enjoy relaxing by holding blues-based guitar jam sessions and smoking marijuana.How might this affect Richard and Tommy's risk of developing schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Richard is 16 and his older brother...

Question 3

Women experience depression more frequently than men do.This discrepancy between rates of depression in men and women has been observed to ____.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that the higher rates of depression in women compared to men is consistent across different races, ethnicities, social classes, and countries of residence, suggesting that this discrepancy is independent of these factors.

Question 4

What is the ratio of women to men affected by bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder affects women and men at approximately the same rate, but some studies suggest a slightly higher prevalence in women, leading to a ratio of about 3 to 2.

Question 5

What is the ratio of the incidence of schizophrenia in members of lower socioeconomic groups compared to higher socioeconomic groups?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is more common in lower socioeconomic groups.

Question 6

The parts of the brain that are affected in bipolar disorder are similar to those seen in cases of

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is associated with changes in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, which are also affected in frontotemporal dementia. A, B, and C are not associated with changes in these brain regions.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the role of dopamine in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Abnormalities in the dopamine system have been implicated in many cases of schizophrenia, although it is not the only factor involved. The dopamine hypothesis suggests that an excess of dopamine or hypersensitivity to dopamine in certain brain regions contributes to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions. However, this hypothesis cannot account for all symptoms of schizophrenia, and other neurotransmitters and brain regions are also involved in the disorder.

Question 8

Lenny,who is 9 years old,has many of the symptoms of bipolar disorder.Which of the following would be the most appropriate diagnosis for Lenny according to DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

According to DSM-5, children under the age of 12 cannot be diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Instead, they may receive a diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) if they have persistent irritability and frequent temper outbursts. DMDD is characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are out of proportion to the situation and the child's developmental level. Lenny's symptoms of bipolar disorder may fit the criteria for DMDD.

Question 9

Who,of the following,falls within the group most likely to have the lowest rate of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that cultures with a higher consumption of fish, such as Korea, have lower rates of bipolar disorder. This is thought to be due to the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, which have a mood-stabilizing effect.

Question 10

In the general population of the United States,women experience MDD more frequently than men do.Which of the following is cited in the textbook as a possible contributing factor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the general population of the United...

Question 11

Concordance rates among identical twins for bipolar disorder are commonly reported to be ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Concordance rates among identical twins for bipolar...

Question 12

Of the following,who is demonstrating mania?

Accepted Answer

Dakota's excessive cheerfulness and rapid speech with strangers suggests symptoms of mania.

Question 13

Who of the following is among a group that seems to have a disproportionate risk for bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Research has suggested that individuals in creative professions, such as actors, writers, and artists, may have a higher risk for bipolar disorder. Therefore, Amy Adams, an actress, is the best choice among the given options.

Question 14

Frank and Marie have been married for over 40 years.The marriage started out with very little conflict and Frank was happy to please Marie.However,as the years have passed no matter what Frank does,Marie criticizes him: his appearance,his opinions,his cooking,the gifts he buys for her,and all of his other actions.At this point Frank is feeling more and more discouraged despite his best efforts to make her happy.This is likely a case of ____.

Accepted Answer

This situation describes learned helplessness, which is a state where a person learns to feel helpless and gives up trying to change their situation after experiencing persistent failure or criticism. Frank has tried to please Marie for years but has received constant criticism, which has led him to feel discouraged, helpless, and unsupported in his efforts.

Question 15

The symptoms of depression that occur in a person diagnosed with bipolar disorder are ____.

Accepted Answer

The depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to those in major depressive disorder, including symptoms like persistent sadness, loss of interest, and fatigue.

Question 16

African immigrants living in London neighborhoods were more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia if they lived in a predominantly White neighborhood than if they lived in a primarily non-White neighborhood (Boydell et al. ,2001).According to the text,what do these findings suggest?

Accepted Answer

The findings suggest that social isolation due to minority status might contribute to the risk of schizophrenia. This indicates that the stress of living in predominantly White neighborhoods may be a risk factor for developing schizophrenia, highlighting the impact of social and environmental factors on mental health outcomes.

Question 17

Teens typically experience a burst of cortical gray matter growth at puberty followed by a wave of gray matter loss extending into their early twenties.Teens diagnosed with schizophrenia experience ____.

Accepted Answer

Teens diagnosed with schizophrenia experience a loss of gray matter that has been likened to a forest fire. This loss of gray matter is more severe than the typical wave of gray matter loss experienced during adolescence.

Question 18

Most patients with schizophrenia demonstrate a lower level of frontal lobe activity than healthy control participants.Why would this difference be significant?

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for higher cognitive processes, including attention, planning, and decision-making. Therefore, a lower level of activity in this region could have significant consequences for individuals with schizophrenia in terms of their ability to function in daily life.

Question 19

Mania,unlike many other disorders,actually ____.

Accepted Answer

Mania is a state characterized by increased energy, euphoria, and hyperactivity. It often leads to increased productivity and goal-directed behavior. It is not associated with reduced sense of self-importance, reduced risk-taking behavior, or the ability to listen quietly to another.

Question 20

What is bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of mania (highs) and depression (lows). The individual experiences extreme changes in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to function.

Quiz 14: The Troubled Mind Psychological Disorders