Question 1

The United States,despite its high standard of living,ranks 36th among countries of the world in terms of life expectancy according to data from the United Nations (2006).What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

The fact that the United States, with its high standard of living, ranks relatively low in terms of life expectancy suggests that wealth alone is not sufficient to guarantee good health. Other factors, such as access to quality health care and healthy lifestyle choices, also play a significant role in determining life expectancy.

Question 2

Jerome has been drinking daily for many years.He finds that over time,he has had to increase the amount he drinks to feel the same buzz.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

Tolerance refers to the phenomenon where an individual requires larger amounts of a substance to achieve the same effects as previously experienced with a smaller amount. This is a hallmark feature of substance use disorders, and is often seen in individuals who abuse alcohol or drugs for prolonged periods of time. Therefore, Jerome experiencing the need to increase the amount he drinks to feel the same buzz is an example of tolerance.

Question 3

Martin Seligman,whose experiments led to the theory of learned helplessness,also proposed that one can learn ____.

Accepted Answer

Seligman proposed that individuals can learn optimism, or the ability to think positively about the future, by developing certain cognitive strategies and beliefs.

Question 4

There are many interactions among the variables of stress,sleep,nutrition,smoking,alcohol use,and exercise.Which of these behaviors are affected by our social context?

Accepted Answer

All of these behaviors can be influenced by social context. For example, stress can be caused by social relationships and interactions, sleep can be influenced by work and social obligations, nutrition and exercise can be affected by social norms and cultural values, and smoking and alcohol use are often influenced by peer pressure and social expectations.

Question 5

Sitting predicts risk of death independently from a person's level of exercise.Based on the average person who sits 55% of their day,how many in that group would have died after 13 years of follow-up?

Accepted Answer

The study found that sitting for more than 11 hours per day increased the risk of death by 40% compared to sitting for less than four hours per day. If the average person sits for 55% of their day, that means they sit for about 13 hours per day (assuming eight hours of sleep). Therefore, the risk of death would be significantly higher than the average 13-year mortality rate, which is around 8%. Choosing C, which is "About 13%", is the most reasonable answer based on the information provided.

Question 6

The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study is using an integrated model of health to address gaps in understanding about the relationships between social,emotional,and cognitive impairments and prior ____.

Accepted Answer

The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study specifically focuses on the relationships between childhood experiences, such as abuse and neglect, and social, emotional, and cognitive impairments. Choices A, B, and C are not specifically mentioned in relation to the study's integrated model of health.

Question 7

Which of the following teenagers appears to have the lowest risk for alcohol abuse?

Accepted Answer

Audrey's situation suggests she is not directly involved in drinking and is only witnessing others, which indicates a lower personal risk for alcohol abuse compared to the other scenarios.

Question 8

Who foreshadowed the development of positive psychology by considering what makes some people healthy minded and others to have a sick soul in his book,The Varieties of Religious Experience?

Accepted Answer

William James foreshadowed the development of positive psychology by considering what makes some people healthy minded and others to have a sick soul in his book, The Varieties of Religious Experience. James is widely considered to be the father of American psychology and his work heavily influenced the development of positive psychology.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding happiness?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that happiness can increase or decrease due to changes in circumstances, but this effect may only be temporary. For example, winning the lottery can increase happiness in the short term, but studies have shown that after a certain period of time, lottery winners return to their prior level of happiness. Similarly, experiencing a significant loss or setback can decrease happiness temporarily, but individuals generally adapt and return to their baseline happiness level over time.

Question 10

For our hunter-gatherer ancestors to survive,physical activity was essential.Today,what do children and adults in the United States spend an average of 55% of their day doing?

Accepted Answer

According to research, children and adults in the United States spend an average of 55% of their day sitting. This sedentary lifestyle is linked to various health problems such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

Question 11

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2014),more than one quarter of the adult population of the United States had engaged in an episode of binge drinking in the past month.Binge drinking is defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

Binge drinking is defined as consuming five or more drinks on a single occasion for men and women. This definition is consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of binge drinking.

Question 12

Which group encouraged the shift from the study of the abnormal and unhealthy in psychology to the study of outstanding individuals and self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

The humanists, also known as the third force in psychology, emphasized the study of positive aspects of human experience and focused on growth, potential, and self-actualization. They encouraged the shift away from the study of abnormalities and unhealthy behaviors in psychology.

Question 13

Mariette has been a heavy drinker for many years,and as a result she has suffered a moderate level of liver damage.She does some research and learns that the liver ____.

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for clearing the body of toxins, including those from alcohol. This is likely the reason for Mariette's liver damage as a heavy drinker. The other options are not directly related to the liver's function in processing toxins.

Question 14

What is one of the ways in which positive psychology differs from humanism?

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology places a strong emphasis on scientific reasoning and empirical research, whereas humanism is more focused on subjective experiences and individual potential for growth and fulfillment, often without relying on scientific methods.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding biology and alcohol use?

Accepted Answer

Certain types of genes found primarily in Asians are correlated with lower rates of alcohol dependence. This is due to a genetic variation in the ALDH2 enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down alcohol in the body. In those with this genetic variation, the breakdown of alcohol results in a buildup of acetaldehyde, leading to unpleasant symptoms like flushing, nausea, and palpitations, which can serve as a deterrent to drinking. Conversely, individuals without this genetic variation have a lower sensitivity to alcohol and may be more prone to developing alcohol dependence.

Question 16

In the United States,how did the life expectancy of Black Americans compare to the life expectancy of White Americans in 2010?

Accepted Answer

According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2010, the life expectancy for Black Americans was 75.1 years, while the life expectancy for White Americans was 78.9 years. This means that Blacks had a life expectancy of 3.8 years less than Whites.

Question 17

Positive psychology is an approach to psychology that emphasizes ____.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology emphasizes normal behavior and human strengths, such as optimism, resilience, and gratitude, to enhance well-being and promote positive functioning in individuals and communities. It focuses on studying and enhancing positive experiences and qualities of life, rather than solely on treating psychological disorders. Choices A, B, and C are not accurate descriptions of positive psychology.

Question 18

When other factors are controlled,__________ produces a 26% increase in the odds of early death.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that loneliness, when other factors are controlled, produces a 26% increase in the odds of early death. Walking, commuting to work, and narcissism are not directly linked to increased odds of early death in this context.

Question 19

Poverty,discrimination,and violence are among the possible variables that account for increased mental health problems among minorities in the United States.Which of the following statements is true in this regard?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that individuals living in poverty experience higher rates of mental health problems compared to those at higher socioeconomic levels. This is due to a combination of factors such as poor living conditions, lack of access to resources, discrimination, and violence. Minority individuals may be at an even greater risk due to the added stressors of discrimination and racism. However, mental health researchers have not exclusively focused on the experiences of minorities, but also on other marginalized groups such as those living in poverty. It is also not true that individuals living in poverty generally have adequate access to mental health services. Finally, the statement that minorities have lower rates of stress-related health problems is false. Some studies have even shown that the stress of dealing with discrimination and racism may contribute to a higher risk of mental health problems among minorities.

Question 20

Treatment for very heavy drinkers often requires medical supervision because withdrawal from alcohol ____.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal from heavy drinking can lead to a condition called delirium tremens, characterized by seizures, hallucinations, and confusion. These symptoms can be life-threatening and require medical supervision. Nausea, headaches, and unconsciousness may also occur but are not typically life-threatening. Restraints may be necessary in rare cases but are not a typical part of treatment.

Quiz 16: The Healthy Mind Stress and Coping, Health Psychology, and Positive Psychology

The United States,despite its high standard of living,ranks 36th among countries of the world in terms of life expectancy according to data from the United Nations (2006) .What does this suggest?