Question 1

Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety.In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn.She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community.Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:

Accepted Answer

Alicia's active participation in her religious community suggests that she is able to engage in social activities and maintain interpersonal relationships. This may indicate that her anxiety is not as severe in certain contexts, such as those related to her religious community, and may be situational rather than chronic. Therefore, this is considered evidence of conditions in which symptoms are less severe.

Question 2

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as faking good.

Question 3

Walter Mischel's (1968)literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found

Accepted Answer

Mischel found a modest correlation between personality traits and actual behaviour.

Question 4

Debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the

Accepted Answer

The debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the person-situation debate. It is a long-standing debate within psychology, exploring how much an individual's personality traits influence their behaviour across different situations, as opposed to the influence of the situation itself.

Question 5

___________ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about ____________.

Accepted Answer

Projective tests are specifically designed to reveal aspects of an individual's personality structure by presenting them with ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or drawings. The purpose of these tests is to interpret the individual's responses, which are assumed to provide insights into their thoughts, feelings, and motivations. In contrast, behaviour checklists typically focus on the frequency, intensity, or duration of specific behaviours, rather than personality traits or characteristics.

Question 6

Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because

Accepted Answer

Objective personality tests use standardized scoring systems, which means they always use the same scoring system regardless of who takes the test or who scores it. This helps ensure consistency and reliability in measuring personality traits.

Question 7

Separated parents are in the middle of a difficult custody case.In completing a personality inventory in a custody evaluation,one parent downplays his/her anger management problems.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of "faking good," where an individual attempts to appear more favorable or less problematic than is accurate, especially in contexts like custody evaluations where presenting a positive image is crucial.

Question 8

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as malingering. Malingering is often done in order to obtain some sort of external gain, such as avoiding military service, receiving disability benefits, or gaining a legal advantage in court.

Question 9

Most personality inventories include validity scales to

Accepted Answer

Validity scales are used to detect if individuals are purposely presenting themselves in an overly positive or negative way. This is important because it can impact the accuracy of the results and interpretation of the inventory. The other options may also be important considerations in creating a valid personality inventory, but detecting fake responses is the specific purpose of validity scales.

Question 10

Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person's

Accepted Answer

Projective tests, such as the Rorschach and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), are designed to assess an individual's personality structure by presenting ambiguous stimuli and analyzing their interpretations and responses. These tests are based on the assumption that individuals will reveal their unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motives through their responses to the stimuli. Developmental history, intelligence, and the likelihood of faking good may also be inferred from projective tests, but their primary purpose is to assess personality.

Question 11

Validity scales focus on three possible tendencies that could distort the answers given by test takers including:

Accepted Answer

Validity scales are designed to detect three possible ways in which test takers may distort their answers: faking good (presenting oneself as better than one actually is), faking bad (presenting oneself as worse than one actually is), and inconsistent responses. Therefore, choice A is correct as it lists all three tendencies. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they either omit one or include an incorrect tendency.

Question 12

Which psychologist ignited the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality?

Accepted Answer

Walter Mischel ignited the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality.

Question 13

A self-report measure,derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency,intensity,or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A behavior checklist is designed to measure specific behaviors or experiences based on their frequency, intensity, or duration, without relying on underlying personality theories. This approach is more descriptive and direct, focusing on observable or reported behaviors rather than interpreting personality traits.

Question 14

_________'s early theories postulated that the unconscious aspect of our personality is something that can be accessed through considerable conscious effort.

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to the theories of Sigmund Freud, who believed in the existence of the unconscious mind and developed techniques such as free association and dream analysis to access it. Carl Jung also believed in the unconscious, but his theories emphasized the collective unconscious and the importance of archetypes. Wechsler and Rogers were psychologists who made significant contributions to intelligence testing and humanistic psychology, respectively, but their work did not focus on the unconscious mind.

Question 15

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn (2004)suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by __________.However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by _____________.

Accepted Answer

Wilson and Dunn suggested that introspection is not always the most effective way to gain self-knowledge, as it can lead to biases and inaccuracies in our assessments of ourselves. Social cognitive research, however, has found that attending to how others view us can provide valuable feedback and insight into our own behavior and personality. Additionally, intentional observation of our own behaviors and decisions can help us gain objective and accurate self-knowledge. Therefore, the best choice is B, attending to how others view us and intentionally observing our own behaviors and decisions.

Question 16

The tendency to consistently behave in specific ways is termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe consistent behavior is a personality trait.

Question 17

Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses

Accepted Answer

There is mixed evidence in research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports to faking responses, and the results are inconclusive. Some studies suggest that projective tests are more easily faked, while others have found that self-report measures are more vulnerable to manipulation. It is important to note that both types of assessments have limitations in detecting faking, and clinicians should consider multiple sources of data when assessing personality.

Question 18

Most personality tests are based on __________ and are often called ___________ personality tests.

Accepted Answer

Most personality tests rely on self-report measures, where individuals provide answers about their own behavior, thoughts, and feelings. These tests are often called objective personality tests because the results are based on the person's own responses and not on an examiner's interpretation. It is important to note that these tests can still be influenced by biases and social desirability factors in respondents' answers.

Question 19

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______________,has demonstrated ________ accuracy in identifying malingering.

Accepted Answer

The Test of Memory Malingering is specifically designed to assess malingering and exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential neurological impairments. Research has shown that the test has high accuracy in identifying such malingering behavior. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 20

Wilson and Dunn's (2004)review of research related to self-knowledge found:

Accepted Answer

Wilson and Dunn's (2004) review of research related to self-knowledge found evidence for the usage of conscious suppression, but not for the concept of repression or the idea that introspection enhances the accuracy of self-understanding.

Quiz 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety.In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn.She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community.Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Walter Mischel's (1968) literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found

Debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the

_ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about __.

Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because

Separated parents are in the middle of a difficult custody case.In completing a personality inventory in a custody evaluation,one parent downplays his/her anger management problems.This is an example of

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Most personality inventories include validity scales to

Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person's

Validity scales focus on three possible tendencies that could distort the answers given by test takers including:

Which psychologist ignited the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality?

A self-report measure,derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency,intensity,or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as a(n)

_________'s early theories postulated that the unconscious aspect of our personality is something that can be accessed through considerable conscious effort.

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn (2004) suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by .However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by ___.

The tendency to consistently behave in specific ways is termed a(n)

Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses

Most personality tests are based on and are often called _ personality tests.

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______,has demonstrated accuracy in identifying malingering.

Wilson and Dunn's (2004) review of research related to self-knowledge found:

Quiz 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety.In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn.She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community.Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Walter Mischel's (1968) literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found

Debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the

___________ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about ____________.

Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because

Separated parents are in the middle of a difficult custody case.In completing a personality inventory in a custody evaluation,one parent downplays his/her anger management problems.This is an example of

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Most personality inventories include validity scales to

Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person's

Validity scales focus on three possible tendencies that could distort the answers given by test takers including:

Which psychologist ignited the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality?

A self-report measure,derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency,intensity,or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as a(n)

_________'s early theories postulated that the unconscious aspect of our personality is something that can be accessed through considerable conscious effort.

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn (2004) suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by __________.However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by _____________.

The tendency to consistently behave in specific ways is termed a(n)

Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses

Most personality tests are based on __________ and are often called ___________ personality tests.

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______________,has demonstrated ________ accuracy in identifying malingering.

Wilson and Dunn's (2004) review of research related to self-knowledge found:

_ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about __.

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn (2004) suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by .However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by ___.

Most personality tests are based on and are often called _ personality tests.

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______,has demonstrated accuracy in identifying malingering.