Question 1

Research has categorized children's difficulties into two broad dimensions of problems: internalizing and externalizing.Internalizing problems refer to

Accepted Answer

Internalizing problems refer to negative emotions that are turned inward, such as sadness, anxiety, and withdrawn behavior. Yelling and destroying things are examples of externalizing problems. Option C is too vague and does not provide a clear definition of internalizing problems. Option D refers to a specific concept known as internalizing attributional style, which is not the same as internalizing problems as a whole.

Question 2

________ refers to the extent to which the classification system reflects reality,whereas ______ refers to the usefulness of the classification system for directing treatment.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency or reproducibility of the classification system, while validity refers to how accurately the system reflects the underlying construct or phenomenon. Utility, on the other hand, refers to the usefulness of the classification system for practical purposes, such as directing treatment. Therefore, B is the correct answer because it correctly identifies validity and utility as the two concepts being contrasted.

Question 3

Children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)show persistent and maladaptive symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that are ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of ADHD are considered inconsistent with developmental level because they are more severe and persistent than what is typical for children at the same age and developmental stage.

Question 4

The underlying assumption of a developmental psychopathology approach is that

Accepted Answer

Biological and psychological systems are constantly changing, which is the underlying assumption of a developmental psychopathology approach.

Question 5

Health care providers often diagnose patients because:

Accepted Answer

Insurance companies often require a diagnosis before they will reimburse the patient for services received. This means that healthcare providers need to provide a diagnosis in order for their patients to receive the necessary treatments and care without having to bear the full financial burden.

Question 6

The classification approach that is based on the assumption that objects differ in the extent to which they possess certain characteristics or properties is known as the

Accepted Answer

The dimensional approach is based on the idea that objects can be classified according to the extent to which they possess certain characteristics or properties. This approach involves measuring and quantifying these characteristics, rather than simply categorizing objects into distinct groups based on qualitative differences. The other choices are not as relevant or specific to this definition.

Question 7

A prototype model implies that

Accepted Answer

A prototype model recognizes that individuals with the same diagnosis may have varying degrees and combinations of symptoms, and thus require individualized treatment plans. It does not assume that all individuals within a diagnostic category have the exact same set of symptoms or require the same treatment.

Question 8

A new client reports concerns that her child frequently talks about his imaginary friend and all of the wonderful adventures they have together.A psychologist using a developmental psychopathology approach would first:

Accepted Answer

A developmental psychopathology approach would first consider the typical age range for children to have imaginary friends and the types of behaviors that are considered developmentally appropriate. By asking the son's age, the psychologist can determine if the behavior is within the normal range or if it may be indicative of a potential developmental issue or disorder. Asking about familial history and birth complications may also be helpful, but determining the age-appropriateness of the behavior is the first step. Recommending therapy may be premature without first understanding the developmental context of the behavior.

Question 9

The underlying assumption of the categorical approach to categorization is that there is an important __________difference between objects that are members of a category and those that are not.

Accepted Answer

The categorical approach assumes that category membership is based on a qualitative difference between members and non-members. This means that there is a clear distinction between what belongs in a category and what does not, rather than a gradual or quantitative difference.

Question 10

Classification __________ refers to the usefulness of a classification scheme.

Accepted Answer

Utility refers to the usefulness or practicality of a classification scheme, such as how easy it is to use and how well it meets the needs of its intended users. Reliability refers to consistency and reproducibility of results, validity refers to how well the classification scheme measures what it is supposed to, and applicability refers to the extent to which it can be applied in different contexts or domains.

Question 11

The underlying assumption of the dimensional approach to categorization is there is an important _________ difference between objects in the extent to which they possess certain characteristics or properties.

Accepted Answer

The dimensional approach to categorization assumes that there are quantitative differences between objects in the extent to which they possess certain characteristics or properties. This means that objects can be compared and measured on a scale based on these characteristics or properties, making it a quantitative approach.

Question 12

Which of the following is known as 'a family of empirically derived assessment tools to measure competence and problems (internalizing and externalizing)across the lifespan?'

Accepted Answer

The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment is a family of assessment tools used to measure competence and problems across the lifespan, including internalizing and externalizing behavior. Miller's Assessment Tool Kit, Schwartz Assessment Battery, and Weisner System of Clinical Diagnosis are not specifically known for measuring competence and problems across the lifespan.

Question 13

In determining whether or not behaviour is abnormal,one must consider

Accepted Answer

To determine whether or not behaviour is abnormal, all three factors mentioned in options A, B, and C must be considered. Culture and context can greatly impact what is deemed normal or abnormal behaviour, while age can also play a role in determining what is expected at a particular stage of development. Therefore, all of the above are necessary considerations in evaluating abnormal behavior.

Question 14

A psychologist who examines ways that an adult's depression symptoms interfere with the adult transitioning from living on his/her own to an assisted living facility is using a:

Accepted Answer

The developmental psychopathology approach emphasizes the importance of understanding how psychological disorders and symptoms affect individuals during their life transitions and developmental stages. In this case, the psychologist is examining how depression symptoms may impact an individual's transition from living independently to an assisted living facility. The social work approach may focus more on practical and social factors related to the transition, while a gerontological approach may focus on aging-related changes and challenges. The categorical approach involves categorizing symptoms into specific diagnostic categories, which may be relevant but is not the primary focus of the psychologist's work in this scenario.

Question 15

A first-time father is reporting a great deal of anxiety surrounding his new role as a parent.A psychologist using a developmental psychopathology approach would first:

Accepted Answer

A developmental psychopathology approach focuses on understanding how developmental processes influence the emergence and course of mental health problems. Therefore, the psychologist would first investigate how the client's anxiety is interfering with his transition into the new role of parent. This approach would emphasize the importance of understanding the unique developmental context of the individual, rather than simply applying a diagnostic label or recommending a specific treatment without considering the individual's broader life circumstances.

Question 16

The classification approach that is based on the assumption that entities that are members of a category are qualitatively different from those that are not is known as the

Accepted Answer

The categorical approach is the classification approach that is based on the assumption that entities that are members of a category are qualitatively different from those that are not. This approach applies a binary classification (yes/no) to determine if an entity belongs to a given category or not. The other options are not relevant to this approach.

Question 17

A psychologist who examines ways that a child's anxiety symptoms interfere with a child settling into a new school is using a(n):

Accepted Answer

The use of a developmental psychopathology approach involves examining how psychological problems develop over time and how they affect the child's development and well-being. In this scenario, the psychologist is examining how the child's anxiety symptoms are impacting their ability to adjust to a new school, which is a key aspect of a developmental psychopathology approach. The other options (B, C, and D) do not accurately describe the approach being used.

Question 18

The primary purpose of a diagnostic system to classify mental disorders is that it serves to

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary purpose of a diagnostic system...

Question 19

Classification __________ refers to the extent to which the classification system reflects reality.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the extent to which a classification system accurately represents the true characteristics of the objects being classified. In other words, it measures the extent to which the classification system reflects reality. The other options do not directly refer to reflecting reality, but rather to the usefulness (utility), consistency (reliability), and practicality (applicability) of the classification system.

Question 20

Research has categorized children's difficulties into two broad dimensions of problems: internalizing and externalizing.Externalizing problems refer to

Accepted Answer

Externalizing problems refer to behaviour that is directed outwardly, such as aggression, yelling, and destruction of property.

Quiz 3: Classification and Diagnosis