Question 1

Which of the following would be one of the goals of a police executive who wants to introduce an early warning system into his police service?

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of an early warning system in policing is to change the behavior of police officers by identifying and addressing issues before they escalate.

Question 2

In R.v.Feeney,the minority of the Supreme Court of Canada followed the crime control model in their final decision.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

What do critics of civilian oversight committees point out to be a problem with such committees?

Accepted Answer

Critics argue that civilian oversight committees can undermine the authority of police executives by interfering with their decision-making power and creating an additional layer of bureaucracy. This may lead to confusion and delays in resolving complaints, and may also create tensions between the police department and the oversight committee. Additionally, some critics argue that civilian oversight committees may lack the expertise and training to conduct thorough investigations and make informed decisions, which could result in less fair and thorough outcomes.

Question 4

"Privacy" had to be determined by the courts and decided the rights of society far outweigh the rights of suspects to their privacy.

Accepted Answer

The concept of privacy, especially in legal contexts, involves balancing individual privacy rights with various societal interests, including law enforcement. Courts often navigate between protecting individual privacy and ensuring public safety, rather than decisively ruling that the rights of society far outweigh the rights of suspects to their privacy.

Question 5

"Privacy" is not mentioned in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms does not explicitly mention "privacy," but the Supreme Court of Canada has interpreted sections, such as Section 8 which protects against unreasonable search and seizure, to imply a right to privacy.

Question 6

The administration at a Toronto district police service has noticed that one of their officers,Alan,has received many citizen complaints.Most of the complaints seem to be from members of the Black community.The administration is recommending that Alan take a sensitivity course to alter his possible racism to the Black community.Which phase of the early warning system is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an intervention strategy, as the administration is recommending a sensitivity course to address the potential racism towards the Black community. This is not a selection phase strategy, as Alan is already an officer, nor a post-intervention strategy, as the intervention has not yet taken place. It is also not a performance problem strategy, as there is no indication that Alan's performance is the problem, but rather that his behavior towards the Black community may be problematic.

Question 7

What type of early warning system has the ability to look at a large number of issues?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an element of procedural fairness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Question 9

What type of early warning system is used to look at a small number of performance issues?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

In R.v Godoy,the appeal court and Supreme Court of Canada held that Godoy's rights were not infringed upon when the police entered his apartment to aid a woman who was sobbing and had a badly bruised eye.

Accepted Answer

In R. v. Godoy, the Supreme Court of Canada held that the police entry into Godoy's apartment was justified under the common law duty to protect life and prevent harm, as they were responding to a 911 call from a woman in distress. However, the Court also found that the police's continued detention of Godoy in his apartment after ensuring the woman's safety did infringe upon his rights under section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which protects against arbitrary detention or imprisonment.

Question 11

Which of the following police accountability systems allows police to investigate complaints against themselves?

Accepted Answer

Internal investigations allow police to investigate complaints against themselves. Civil liability holds police accountable through financial compensation for damages, early warning systems track officer behavior for potential issues, and civilian oversight involves external parties overseeing police conduct.

Question 12

The impact of the Feeney decision that requires the police to gain prior authorization to enter the private dwelling of an individual to search and collect evidence took effect immediately after the Supreme Court's decision.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Which of the following is a reason why individuals favour citizen oversight committees of the police?

Accepted Answer

Citizen oversight committees have been shown to identify and investigate instances of police misconduct that may have gone unnoticed or unreported. As a result, disciplinary actions against police officers are likely to increase, providing a sense of accountability and transparency to the public.

Question 14

Which of the following is a criterion used by police in the selection phase of an early warning system?

Accepted Answer

Civil litigation refers to legal action taken against police officers for misconduct or excessive use of force. Officers who have a history of civil litigation may be flagged by an early warning system as potential risks for future incidents, making this a criterion used in the selection phase. The other options, increase deterrence, increase education, and threats by citizens groups, are not typically used as criteria for selecting officers for early warning systems.

Question 15

In the R.v.Feeney case,both sections 8 and 10 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms were violated.

Accepted Answer

In the R.v.Feeney case, both sections 8 (protection against unreasonable search and seizure) and 10 (rights upon arrest or detention) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms were violated.

Question 16

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that no warrant could ever be granted on the basis of heat emissions (FLIR)alone?

Accepted Answer

In the case of R.v.Tessling, the Supreme Court of Canada held that no warrant could ever be granted on the basis of heat emissions (FLIR) alone. The court ruled that the use of FLIR technology to detect heat emissions from a private residence without a warrant violated the reasonable expectation of privacy and constituted an unreasonable search and seizure under s. 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This decision set an important precedent for the use of surveillance technologies by law enforcement agencies in Canada.

Question 17

What is the primary goal of early warning systems?

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of early warning systems is to change the behavior of police officers who are exhibiting patterns of problematic behavior, in the hopes of preventing future misconduct or excessive use of force. This is achieved through targeted interventions, such as additional training or mentoring, that aim to address the underlying issues behind their behavior. The other options (A, B, C) do not reflect the primary goal of early warning systems.

Question 18

What is the most popular method to control police misconduct today?

Accepted Answer

The creation of a separate civilian commission or review agency, also known as civilian oversight, is the most popular method to control police misconduct today. These agencies provide a mechanism for citizens to report police misconduct, and they have the power to investigate and discipline officers. This type of oversight has been implemented in many cities across the United States and has been shown to be effective in promoting police accountability and building trust between the community and law enforcement.

Question 19

Police are legally required to inform individuals about their right to legal counsel.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the Miranda warning, which is part of the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. It requires that individuals taken into police custody be informed of their right to remain silent and their right to legal counsel.

Question 20

What can be the outcome of a successful civil liability case in the area of police misconduct?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What can be the outcome of a...

Quiz 7: The Police and the Law